The Birth of Pleasure by Carol Gilligan

Carol Gilligan Birth of Pleasure can be considered a research in social science. She has hypothesised certain theories regarding men and women behaviour. One of her main hypothesis is that women are different from men in various ways; she argues that female have a higher level of morality that cements the relation among sexes. At times she seems a feminist who is playing for female audience. She overcomes the limitation as the book flows.For example she starts the human life story from a child perspective that is â€Å"under father’s authority† (Pg 5). She mentions that in patriarchy society there are different ways of dealing with boys and girl. For example boys are forced to learn and be disciplined at a young age compared to female. Female are forced to learn from age 13 and above at puberty. The reason for such approach; she argues is the utility of women. In a patriarchal society, women become important when they become fertile; before fertility they have no existe nce.However the problem arises when a child becomes adult and he has to unlearn the older behaviour. Sometimes it is hard to undo the learned behaviour; deep inside sometimes adults feel guilty, if they do not follow the behaviour they have been taught in childhood. Gilligan does not argue in straight forward manner about the theme patriarchy in teenagers life, but the book overall covers the relationship between children and parents as pathologies.For example she mentions that boys have two choices; either becomes good boy or bad boy; either by following the parent’s instructions or negating them to create their own social identities. The problem with such approach is that boys cannot form their own identities with reference to their true self. For girls the process began at much later stage when they approach the puberty. She insists that girls are forced by mothers to follow their footsteps and behave according to the established norms of the society.This situation gives r ise to conflict and breaking of the bond that exists between parents and children. She insists that love is based on democracy; while the patriarchy is based on hierarchy of men and women. The result of such hierarchy is patriarchy; where individuals find pain in love rather than pleasure due to the inherent conflict (in these relations). She suggests that it is possible to find pleasure with in the social norms, if couples overcome their limited roles and try to unlearn the behaviour childhood behaviour.Gilligan has taken ideas from various sources, but she is able to develop her own ideas by studying life of children and couples including her own experience of life spiced with various Western myths and legends; such as Psyche and Cupid. She successfully weaves different pieces together to form one narrative immersing reader in interesting stories with one common theme. The positive effect of this style is that reader finds new interpretations about the stories and myths he is fami liar with.Gilligan sometimes seems to speak in a mystical language, when she declares that the yoke of Western love stories is made of tragedy because of the presence of patriarchy; where male justify their authority by trampling true feelings of women. Her idea of democracy of love seems un-restricted by social norms; such idea seems far from practical. All societies need to survive; the hierarchy allows a society to survive which may look cruel at time but this is how civilization are made from. Reference Gilligan, Carol (2002). The Birth of Pleasure. Random House.

Essay

Alarm Bell about Internet Addiction Having been widely used since the sass, the Internet has become an integral part because of its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. The Internet allows us to access various information and global communication in a very convenient and effective way. Unfortunately, the excessive misuse of it can alter the development of human being society, especially the young generation.Therefore, I believe that it is necessary to raise the alarm bell about the Internet addiction among the teenagers due to its negative effects as well as consequences in three aspects: interpersonal (physical and mental), occupational (at school and at work), and social (relationship with family as well as community). Just like other types of addictions such as drug addiction or alcohol addiction, Internet addiction leads to many serious health hazards to both teenagers' physical and psychological fields.Since Internet addicts spend mo st of their time sitting, staring and focusing before the monitor screens, their bodies lack of active exercise while their brain are stimulated in high pressure. Hence, their vision and immune systems are easily weakened, increasing their vulnerability to assorted diseases. The lack of exercise due to excessive use of computer by maintaining a sitting posture may also risk suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and eyestrain.The Internet addiction also increases the danger of sleeping disorders (insomnia, apneas, nightmares) among teenagers (Western and Leukocyte 5). Many psychological and medical experts have agreed that the sleep is the essential function to human beings which helps to repair brain cells and promote formation of new neurons in the brain, so it is extremely important for the adolescents to grow up and develop. As a result, it is very harmful if adolescents skip sleeping because of heir addiction to the Internet.Moreover, many Internet addicts are so foc used on their â€Å"own world† that they forget to eat or drink; this may lead to malnutrition or even death. In the documentary â€Å"Digital Nation†, it shows the â€Å"PC bangs† in South Korea where adolescents are glued to the screens, expressionless. Some even play for more than 50 hours at a time without food or water. In fact, there have been a few deaths as a result of this (Digital Nation). Not only the physical side, but teenagers also have to face some psychological problems due to their Internet addiction.In the essay â€Å"Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet use†, Waistband and Leukocyte have reviewed many cross-sectional studies to prove that there are high risk of mental disorder among Internet addicts such as â€Å"affective disorder, anxiety disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder† (3). It is also found that there is a positive relationship betwe en Internet addiction and depression, as well as aggressive behaviors.Since the teenagers can be easily attracted and addicted with the harmful content in the Internet for a long time such as adult ex websites, online gaming, online chat systems and Bulletin Board System, the exposure to malicious and uncensored content online has perverted teenagers and has caused them to be more aggressive and violent. In the other words, they can be influenced and are likely to have aggressive behaviors. The above physical and psychological harmfulness caused by Internet addiction can bring teens many problems in their occupations.Since they spend too much time and efforts on their Internet usage rather than other activities, the Internet addicts usually face a lot of problems with their studies and work. All of we know that for 24 hours per day, people should divide into three equal sections: work/study, recreation, and sleep. Each section should last for eight hours. However, for Internet addic ts, they arrange their schedule differently by spending most of the time for being on- line instead of studying, working or sleeping.Without enough time for study/ work and lack of sleep as mentioned above, the Internet addicts have a shortage in the decision making function and a strategy learning/working lag. Students cannot concentrate and focus on their study if their minds are thinking of the Faceable newsfeed or the online games all the time. Academic problems caused by Internet addiction include decline in study habits, significant drop in grades, missing classes, increased risk of being placed on academic probation, and poor integration in extracurricular activities.For instance, Chunk Young II, a fifteen-year-old boy from Korea, dropped from the top half of his class to the bottom after being addicted to the computer games (Digital Nation). Similarly, employees with access to the Internet spend numerous hours of their working day engaged in non-work related Internet use. It can be said that Internet addiction can lead to poor academic reference in school and impaired functioning at work. Besides the negative effects mentioned above, the more dangerous consequence is the social relationships of the Internet addictive teenagers.According to Nine and Revering study in 2000, it is showed that there are about a quarter Of Internet addicts spends little time with their friends and families and 1/1 0 of them does not pay attention to the outside world (CTD. In Says 2). From this statistic, it can be understood that the adolescents may use the Internet for too long periods, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on the Internet rather than broader reality of life. Constant Internet use detracts time that could be spent with meaningful and productive social relationships.Hours wasted away typing useless messages, surfing the meaningless website, or playing nonsense games are injurious to personal relationships with t he one who really matter like family and friends. The social isolation, as a result of Internet addiction, that takes the teenagers away from the social activities and weakens the discourse relationship, might cause the feeling of incapability and social despair in teenagers. In the documentary Digital Nation, the mother Of Chunk Young II -? the fifteen year- old Korean boy whom we mentioned above- says â€Å"[my son] that inability to communicate with me, his own mother, makes me so sad. Unfortunately, her situation is not an exception. There are more and more cases which have been reported linking with the abnormal behaviors of Internet addictive teenagers to the people surrounding them. In the past, when people had problems in their lives, they used to confide to their family members or close friends for asking advice. However, the situation is changed now; the managers nowadays stick to the Internet by logging in their PC or smart devices, keeping chatting with strangers or fin ding the solutions by Google- inning.The invention of social networks like Faceable or Twitter was supposed to increase and tie the relationship between people. However, the result is contrast. The more people depend on those networks, the more they become lonely. There is a quote in the essay â€Å"Is Faceable making us lonely? † which Stephen Marcher claims that, † Faceable is interfering with our real friendships, distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social outworking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer† (2).By using the example of the death of a former Play Boy playmate as well as many statistics and experts' opinions, Marcher believes that the overuse or dependence on this type of social network is responsible for the increasing of loneliness of modern people. Marcher also states a noticeable article written by researchers at Carnegie Mellon showing that an increase in Internet misuse is compatible with t he increase of loneliness. This contradiction between chance to connect and lack of human contact is called â€Å"Internet paradox† (Marcher 5). Becoming addicted to the Internet, the teenagers lose their human interaction.Moreover, they accept the unreal contacts which replace the real one. In the other words, by participating deeply in an artificial community, the Internet addicts teenagers lack real world face- to- face human interaction because talking through the computer network is greatly different from face- to- face contact. It's just like that if someone play the football video game really well, that does not mean he can play football in the real life. Since Internet addicts usually eliminate themselves from the social environment, their social relations have turned UT to be negative.Therefore, they cannot get many benefits from the social support. Like an endless cycle, the Internet addicts will spend more time on the Internet and expect more from the Internet for help. The example, which Marcher displays in the beginning of his essay, that Yvette Vickers had died for a very long time but no one discovered. Her computer was on when she died as it was the only connection she made with the outside world. She made contacts with distant fans through fan conventions and Internet sites instead of keeping in touch with her friends or family (Marcher 1).That can be portrayed as tragicomedy, and this type of tragicomedy has been shown more and more popular nowadays. On the whole, by the time connecting people, the Internet itself also makes the people isolate and decrease social skills to be more dependent on it. No one can deny that the Internet has played an important role that cannot be replaced in our modern lives. Therefore, many Internet supporters emphasize the advantages of the Internet usages such as convenient, popular and helpful rather than focus on the side-effects of the Internet in case of excessive use.They also may say hat the dangers listed are overstated and pessimistic about the situation of the Internet users. Those supporters argue that since there is no universal definition of Internet addiction, they believe that the quantities as well as quality of the Internet that they have used are suitable and appropriate; as a result they are not Internet addictive and are not affected by the consequences. In fact, since the Internet has attached closely to peep?s daily life, they can hardly realize how they depend on it.For example, they keep checking emails every five minutes and say that is just because of keeping in touch with their jobs. They spend several hours chatting with friends on instant messages on Faceable instead of hanging out and talking with them face-to-face. The first thing they do every morning is checking Faceable newsfeed instead of doing morning exercises. According to Marcher, â€Å"among 18-to-34-year-odds, nearly half check Faceable minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before get ting put of bed† (9).Although the statistic is simple, it shows the reality that how people depend on the social network as well as the Internet, even though they do not realize it. Moreover, people think that they can handle their behaviors and not be easily influenced actively by the Internet because it is just a tool supporting human life. Their argument may be right and reasonable, but only if it's applied on disciplined people. However, to the teenagers or adolescents, they are immature and too young to developing the self-control against the temptation of the Internet.It can be said that the adolescent period is the most important developing stage of human life spans. Therefore problematic computer usage that is time consuming and spoils functioning in important life domains is very dangerous to teenagers as well as the whole society. For many reasons above, I strongly live that it is necessary for us to raise the warning alarm on the Internet excessive use or Internet a ddiction among the teenagers. Today, the popularity of Internet usage is likely to increase Internet addiction, especially to teenagers.The online games and social networks such as Faceable, Twitter make individuals interact and increase their activities on the Internet more and more. This situation makes individuals, especially adolescents, spend more time on the Internet. As a result, technological advancement is likely to increase Internet addiction day by day. Therefore, not only Internet addicts but also all the Internet users must be informed about the dangers of Internet addiction and preventive programs must be developed. Ignoring this problem and not developing solutions mean standing by bigger troubles that will rise in the future. Essay This is especially important to politicians and leaders because if they keep trying to be the good guy and making empty promises then they will eventually ruin themselves. Several of Machiavellian ideas can also be applied to modern leaders and political figures today. Believing that a prince needs to rule restriction and limitation to protect people in order to survive. Therefore, being cruel and being feared are necessary actions a ruler must take to keep safety and order to his country.One of the feared leader in today's society is Kim Gong Un who is the supreme deader of North Korea and has been directly responsible for a number of strategic policy which his subordinates approve. Kim Gong Un is a powerful supreme commander who as the decider balances his institution and show people that as the dictator, people needs to bear in their mind that loyalty and devotion is necessary in order for him to protect his country and traitors is not going to be tolerated.And by showing that tra itors will be punish, Kim Gong Un executed his powerful uncle Gang Song-take who held accountable for being traitor that wanted to get the power Kim Gong LLC has. According to Goldman, Russell. â€Å"Kim Gong-nun's Bloody Path to Power. † BBC News. Web. â€Å"Purging and killing suspected rivals or officers with wavering loyalty has been a trait of the family dynasty along with unusual means of execution, which have included death by close range mortars† Because Kim Gong UN is feared, people has too much devotion for him.And because of that, protecting his country has become secure. Kim Gong UN construct stronger army that can handle any modern time warfare with complete offensive and defensive capabilities. And promises people that no one will get hungry again. Another feared and powerful leader in our today's society is President Xi Jigging from China. President Xi articulated a simple but powerful vision to revive and restore the Chinese nation. After just two years in office, President Xi has advanced himself as a transformation leader, adopting an agenda that proposes to reform.President Xi has a mission to kill graft and corruption in his country, the campaign touch almost every corner of the government. According to Kiang Steven. CNN News. Web. The 61 -year-old leader, considered China's most powerful in decades, reiterated his â€Å"zero-tolerance† stance, vowing to keep â€Å"waving high the sword against corruption† and â€Å"fastening the cage of regulations. † He took down former domestic security Czar Yanking, likely soon to become the most senior Chinese official ever to face corruption charges; General Xx Cachou, once the military's second-in- command; and Ling Joshua, a top aide to ex-President Huh Contain.For the sake of stability of china's nation, President Xi wanted to prove the people in china hat he will not tolerate deception and betrayal to their own county whether they are high ranking officials or lo w ranking officials. Lastly, President Vladimir Putting of Russia has a remarkable grip on power in today's society. He became prime minister in 1999. That lasted until 2000, when he switched to president, which lasted until 2008. Then he became prime minister again until 2012. He then went back to being the president of Russia, an office he's held since May 2012. According to Kamikazes, Cork. Endearingly. Web. No one would call Vladimir Putting a good guy,† Forbes staffer Caroline Howard wrote. In 2014 he strong-armed his way into possession of Crimea and waged an ugly proxy war in neighboring Ukraine, during which an almost certainly Russian-supplied surface-to-air missile downed a civilian jetliner. † President Putting is the kind of man who does what he wants and sin ‘t backing down from his ambitions no matter what everyone say. Because Putting is aiming Ukraine to instigate maximum damage since he wants to reconstitute Russia, President Putting sent tanks and artillery into eastern Ukraine and he knows that the west won't interfere. Essay God in our lives. There is no point to have money if we do not have God. For example, â€Å"Great wealth without the peace Of God has little benefit† (1 6; 28:6). Also, ‘Wealth gained through corruption will eventually be judged† (22: 16, 22-23; 28:8, 20). There are so many proverbs on wealth and poverty, but the general idea is that working hard leads to wealth, and laziness and corruption leads to poverty. These are general principles that can be followed but are not always perfect in design.The book of Hebrews also speaks of sides and folly, especially chapter 9. For example, in Proverbs 9, two women are compared: one is wisdom and one is folly. The one named Wisdom built her home around seven pillars and prepared a feast for everyone who wanted to attend. She even cried out loudly so that everyone could hear her invitation. On the other hand, the woman of folly cried out even louder. She is without knowledge but still cries out to those â€Å"who are straight on their way' (Provo. 9:15).Her main target is believers who are following God and she will keep crying louder and louder. This applies to the world today because it is easier to give in to the woman of folly, because she is screaming so loudly. Just as the book of Proverbs compares diligence and laziness, it also compares wisdom to folly. It is almost as if they are on opposite sides of a scale and one will always weigh more in our lives. Hinds and Yates explain that the book of Proverbs â€Å"continually presents a sharp contrast between the life of wisdom and the life of folly† (p. 263).Wisdom and folly is â€Å"often a contrast between righteousness and sidedness,† and the contrast is not for a person with â€Å"street smarts,† but a person with a close relationship with God (p. 263). This means that it does not matter how many education degrees a person has, if they are not close with God, and fearing God, they cannot possibly be wise. This would apply to a wealthy business owner who seems to have it all, but does not have God so he is a fool. Smartness from the world's perspective is not wisdom in God's eyes. Bibliography Hinds, Deed and Gary Yates. Essence Of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville: publishing, 2012. Essay The Journal's mandate is to publish rigorous and methodological examinations of past, current, and advanced concepts, methods and results in physics research. Physics Essays dedicates itself to the publication of stimulating exploratory, and original papers in a variety of physics disciplines, such as spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, particle physics, electromagnetic theory, astrophysics, space physics, mathematical methods in hicks, plasma physics, philosophical aspects of physics, chemical physics, and relativity.Accelerated Online Publication Articles are available online well in advance of production of the printed version of the Journal. These accelerated online articles will be complete and final, with identical content to the versions subsequently published in the printed Journal. The articles posted in an accelerated fashion online will contain final bibliographic citation information and are fully excitable from the moment they appear online. Essay Essay Name: – Class: Kohort15 Group 1 Individual assignment Essay: Myself & My hobby I’ am -, age 19 years old and was born on 05 June 1993 at the General Hospital Tawau, Sabah. I am from Tawau, Sabah. I live in village of Tanjung Batu Keramat, Tawau. I was the third child of five siblings. I started school at St Patrick's Primary School Tawau from Primary 1 to Primary 6. Then I enrolled into Kuhara High School, Tawau up to Form 5. In school, I used to only educational performance.Now I went to the University Selangor Diploma in Pre-School Program. My ambition is want to be a flight attendant but my sustenance is to be a pre-school teacher god willing I would become a good educator and useful for future generations. My hobby is photography. Photography is a way of to express myself. This hobby also removes all my monotony and dullness of life. It gives me leisure, pleasure and mental refreshment. When I went to relax my mind, my camera becomes my solace and friend. My hobby w as become part and parcel of my life.It keeps my mind and body occupied during my free time. My hobby also keeps my mind all the time refreshed and tension time. It adds colour and zest to my life. I started growing interest in photography since 2010 when my first sister purchase dslr camera and now I my own camera dslr a gift from my grandfather. I don’t think I will ever give up my hobby of taking beautiful snaps of anything. I am also eager to learn more about photography to become excellent in it. I like photography very much. Essay God in our lives. There is no point to have money if we do not have God. For example, â€Å"Great wealth without the peace Of God has little benefit† (1 6; 28:6). Also, ‘Wealth gained through corruption will eventually be judged† (22: 16, 22-23; 28:8, 20). There are so many proverbs on wealth and poverty, but the general idea is that working hard leads to wealth, and laziness and corruption leads to poverty. These are general principles that can be followed but are not always perfect in design.The book of Hebrews also speaks of sides and folly, especially chapter 9. For example, in Proverbs 9, two women are compared: one is wisdom and one is folly. The one named Wisdom built her home around seven pillars and prepared a feast for everyone who wanted to attend. She even cried out loudly so that everyone could hear her invitation. On the other hand, the woman of folly cried out even louder. She is without knowledge but still cries out to those â€Å"who are straight on their way' (Provo. 9:15).Her main target is believers who are following God and she will keep crying louder and louder. This applies to the world today because it is easier to give in to the woman of folly, because she is screaming so loudly. Just as the book of Proverbs compares diligence and laziness, it also compares wisdom to folly. It is almost as if they are on opposite sides of a scale and one will always weigh more in our lives. Hinds and Yates explain that the book of Proverbs â€Å"continually presents a sharp contrast between the life of wisdom and the life of folly† (p. 263).Wisdom and folly is â€Å"often a contrast between righteousness and sidedness,† and the contrast is not for a person with â€Å"street smarts,† but a person with a close relationship with God (p. 263). This means that it does not matter how many education degrees a person has, if they are not close with God, and fearing God, they cannot possibly be wise. This would apply to a wealthy business owner who seems to have it all, but does not have God so he is a fool. Smartness from the world's perspective is not wisdom in God's eyes. Bibliography Hinds, Deed and Gary Yates. Essence Of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville: publishing, 2012. Essay This is especially important to politicians and leaders because if they keep trying to be the good guy and making empty promises then they will eventually ruin themselves. Several of Machiavellian ideas can also be applied to modern leaders and political figures today. Believing that a prince needs to rule restriction and limitation to protect people in order to survive. Therefore, being cruel and being feared are necessary actions a ruler must take to keep safety and order to his country.One of the feared leader in today's society is Kim Gong Un who is the supreme deader of North Korea and has been directly responsible for a number of strategic policy which his subordinates approve. Kim Gong Un is a powerful supreme commander who as the decider balances his institution and show people that as the dictator, people needs to bear in their mind that loyalty and devotion is necessary in order for him to protect his country and traitors is not going to be tolerated.And by showing that tra itors will be punish, Kim Gong Un executed his powerful uncle Gang Song-take who held accountable for being traitor that wanted to get the power Kim Gong LLC has. According to Goldman, Russell. â€Å"Kim Gong-nun's Bloody Path to Power. † BBC News. Web. â€Å"Purging and killing suspected rivals or officers with wavering loyalty has been a trait of the family dynasty along with unusual means of execution, which have included death by close range mortars† Because Kim Gong UN is feared, people has too much devotion for him.And because of that, protecting his country has become secure. Kim Gong UN construct stronger army that can handle any modern time warfare with complete offensive and defensive capabilities. And promises people that no one will get hungry again. Another feared and powerful leader in our today's society is President Xi Jigging from China. President Xi articulated a simple but powerful vision to revive and restore the Chinese nation. After just two years in office, President Xi has advanced himself as a transformation leader, adopting an agenda that proposes to reform.President Xi has a mission to kill graft and corruption in his country, the campaign touch almost every corner of the government. According to Kiang Steven. CNN News. Web. The 61 -year-old leader, considered China's most powerful in decades, reiterated his â€Å"zero-tolerance† stance, vowing to keep â€Å"waving high the sword against corruption† and â€Å"fastening the cage of regulations. † He took down former domestic security Czar Yanking, likely soon to become the most senior Chinese official ever to face corruption charges; General Xx Cachou, once the military's second-in- command; and Ling Joshua, a top aide to ex-President Huh Contain.For the sake of stability of china's nation, President Xi wanted to prove the people in china hat he will not tolerate deception and betrayal to their own county whether they are high ranking officials or lo w ranking officials. Lastly, President Vladimir Putting of Russia has a remarkable grip on power in today's society. He became prime minister in 1999. That lasted until 2000, when he switched to president, which lasted until 2008. Then he became prime minister again until 2012. He then went back to being the president of Russia, an office he's held since May 2012. According to Kamikazes, Cork. Endearingly. Web. No one would call Vladimir Putting a good guy,† Forbes staffer Caroline Howard wrote. In 2014 he strong-armed his way into possession of Crimea and waged an ugly proxy war in neighboring Ukraine, during which an almost certainly Russian-supplied surface-to-air missile downed a civilian jetliner. † President Putting is the kind of man who does what he wants and sin ‘t backing down from his ambitions no matter what everyone say. Because Putting is aiming Ukraine to instigate maximum damage since he wants to reconstitute Russia, President Putting sent tanks and artillery into eastern Ukraine and he knows that the west won't interfere. Essay The Journal's mandate is to publish rigorous and methodological examinations of past, current, and advanced concepts, methods and results in physics research. Physics Essays dedicates itself to the publication of stimulating exploratory, and original papers in a variety of physics disciplines, such as spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, particle physics, electromagnetic theory, astrophysics, space physics, mathematical methods in hicks, plasma physics, philosophical aspects of physics, chemical physics, and relativity.Accelerated Online Publication Articles are available online well in advance of production of the printed version of the Journal. These accelerated online articles will be complete and final, with identical content to the versions subsequently published in the printed Journal. The articles posted in an accelerated fashion online will contain final bibliographic citation information and are fully excitable from the moment they appear online. Essay Alarm Bell about Internet Addiction Having been widely used since the sass, the Internet has become an integral part because of its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. The Internet allows us to access various information and global communication in a very convenient and effective way. Unfortunately, the excessive misuse of it can alter the development of human being society, especially the young generation.Therefore, I believe that it is necessary to raise the alarm bell about the Internet addiction among the teenagers due to its negative effects as well as consequences in three aspects: interpersonal (physical and mental), occupational (at school and at work), and social (relationship with family as well as community). Just like other types of addictions such as drug addiction or alcohol addiction, Internet addiction leads to many serious health hazards to both teenagers' physical and psychological fields.Since Internet addicts spend mo st of their time sitting, staring and focusing before the monitor screens, their bodies lack of active exercise while their brain are stimulated in high pressure. Hence, their vision and immune systems are easily weakened, increasing their vulnerability to assorted diseases. The lack of exercise due to excessive use of computer by maintaining a sitting posture may also risk suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and eyestrain.The Internet addiction also increases the danger of sleeping disorders (insomnia, apneas, nightmares) among teenagers (Western and Leukocyte 5). Many psychological and medical experts have agreed that the sleep is the essential function to human beings which helps to repair brain cells and promote formation of new neurons in the brain, so it is extremely important for the adolescents to grow up and develop. As a result, it is very harmful if adolescents skip sleeping because of heir addiction to the Internet.Moreover, many Internet addicts are so foc used on their â€Å"own world† that they forget to eat or drink; this may lead to malnutrition or even death. In the documentary â€Å"Digital Nation†, it shows the â€Å"PC bangs† in South Korea where adolescents are glued to the screens, expressionless. Some even play for more than 50 hours at a time without food or water. In fact, there have been a few deaths as a result of this (Digital Nation). Not only the physical side, but teenagers also have to face some psychological problems due to their Internet addiction.In the essay â€Å"Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet use†, Waistband and Leukocyte have reviewed many cross-sectional studies to prove that there are high risk of mental disorder among Internet addicts such as â€Å"affective disorder, anxiety disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder† (3). It is also found that there is a positive relationship betwe en Internet addiction and depression, as well as aggressive behaviors.Since the teenagers can be easily attracted and addicted with the harmful content in the Internet for a long time such as adult ex websites, online gaming, online chat systems and Bulletin Board System, the exposure to malicious and uncensored content online has perverted teenagers and has caused them to be more aggressive and violent. In the other words, they can be influenced and are likely to have aggressive behaviors. The above physical and psychological harmfulness caused by Internet addiction can bring teens many problems in their occupations.Since they spend too much time and efforts on their Internet usage rather than other activities, the Internet addicts usually face a lot of problems with their studies and work. All of we know that for 24 hours per day, people should divide into three equal sections: work/study, recreation, and sleep. Each section should last for eight hours. However, for Internet addic ts, they arrange their schedule differently by spending most of the time for being on- line instead of studying, working or sleeping.Without enough time for study/ work and lack of sleep as mentioned above, the Internet addicts have a shortage in the decision making function and a strategy learning/working lag. Students cannot concentrate and focus on their study if their minds are thinking of the Faceable newsfeed or the online games all the time. Academic problems caused by Internet addiction include decline in study habits, significant drop in grades, missing classes, increased risk of being placed on academic probation, and poor integration in extracurricular activities.For instance, Chunk Young II, a fifteen-year-old boy from Korea, dropped from the top half of his class to the bottom after being addicted to the computer games (Digital Nation). Similarly, employees with access to the Internet spend numerous hours of their working day engaged in non-work related Internet use. It can be said that Internet addiction can lead to poor academic reference in school and impaired functioning at work. Besides the negative effects mentioned above, the more dangerous consequence is the social relationships of the Internet addictive teenagers.According to Nine and Revering study in 2000, it is showed that there are about a quarter Of Internet addicts spends little time with their friends and families and 1/1 0 of them does not pay attention to the outside world (CTD. In Says 2). From this statistic, it can be understood that the adolescents may use the Internet for too long periods, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on the Internet rather than broader reality of life. Constant Internet use detracts time that could be spent with meaningful and productive social relationships.Hours wasted away typing useless messages, surfing the meaningless website, or playing nonsense games are injurious to personal relationships with t he one who really matter like family and friends. The social isolation, as a result of Internet addiction, that takes the teenagers away from the social activities and weakens the discourse relationship, might cause the feeling of incapability and social despair in teenagers. In the documentary Digital Nation, the mother Of Chunk Young II -? the fifteen year- old Korean boy whom we mentioned above- says â€Å"[my son] that inability to communicate with me, his own mother, makes me so sad. Unfortunately, her situation is not an exception. There are more and more cases which have been reported linking with the abnormal behaviors of Internet addictive teenagers to the people surrounding them. In the past, when people had problems in their lives, they used to confide to their family members or close friends for asking advice. However, the situation is changed now; the managers nowadays stick to the Internet by logging in their PC or smart devices, keeping chatting with strangers or fin ding the solutions by Google- inning.The invention of social networks like Faceable or Twitter was supposed to increase and tie the relationship between people. However, the result is contrast. The more people depend on those networks, the more they become lonely. There is a quote in the essay â€Å"Is Faceable making us lonely? † which Stephen Marcher claims that, † Faceable is interfering with our real friendships, distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social outworking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer† (2).By using the example of the death of a former Play Boy playmate as well as many statistics and experts' opinions, Marcher believes that the overuse or dependence on this type of social network is responsible for the increasing of loneliness of modern people. Marcher also states a noticeable article written by researchers at Carnegie Mellon showing that an increase in Internet misuse is compatible with t he increase of loneliness. This contradiction between chance to connect and lack of human contact is called â€Å"Internet paradox† (Marcher 5). Becoming addicted to the Internet, the teenagers lose their human interaction.Moreover, they accept the unreal contacts which replace the real one. In the other words, by participating deeply in an artificial community, the Internet addicts teenagers lack real world face- to- face human interaction because talking through the computer network is greatly different from face- to- face contact. It's just like that if someone play the football video game really well, that does not mean he can play football in the real life. Since Internet addicts usually eliminate themselves from the social environment, their social relations have turned UT to be negative.Therefore, they cannot get many benefits from the social support. Like an endless cycle, the Internet addicts will spend more time on the Internet and expect more from the Internet for help. The example, which Marcher displays in the beginning of his essay, that Yvette Vickers had died for a very long time but no one discovered. Her computer was on when she died as it was the only connection she made with the outside world. She made contacts with distant fans through fan conventions and Internet sites instead of keeping in touch with her friends or family (Marcher 1).That can be portrayed as tragicomedy, and this type of tragicomedy has been shown more and more popular nowadays. On the whole, by the time connecting people, the Internet itself also makes the people isolate and decrease social skills to be more dependent on it. No one can deny that the Internet has played an important role that cannot be replaced in our modern lives. Therefore, many Internet supporters emphasize the advantages of the Internet usages such as convenient, popular and helpful rather than focus on the side-effects of the Internet in case of excessive use.They also may say hat the dangers listed are overstated and pessimistic about the situation of the Internet users. Those supporters argue that since there is no universal definition of Internet addiction, they believe that the quantities as well as quality of the Internet that they have used are suitable and appropriate; as a result they are not Internet addictive and are not affected by the consequences. In fact, since the Internet has attached closely to peep?s daily life, they can hardly realize how they depend on it.For example, they keep checking emails every five minutes and say that is just because of keeping in touch with their jobs. They spend several hours chatting with friends on instant messages on Faceable instead of hanging out and talking with them face-to-face. The first thing they do every morning is checking Faceable newsfeed instead of doing morning exercises. According to Marcher, â€Å"among 18-to-34-year-odds, nearly half check Faceable minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before get ting put of bed† (9).Although the statistic is simple, it shows the reality that how people depend on the social network as well as the Internet, even though they do not realize it. Moreover, people think that they can handle their behaviors and not be easily influenced actively by the Internet because it is just a tool supporting human life. Their argument may be right and reasonable, but only if it's applied on disciplined people. However, to the teenagers or adolescents, they are immature and too young to developing the self-control against the temptation of the Internet.It can be said that the adolescent period is the most important developing stage of human life spans. Therefore problematic computer usage that is time consuming and spoils functioning in important life domains is very dangerous to teenagers as well as the whole society. For many reasons above, I strongly live that it is necessary for us to raise the warning alarm on the Internet excessive use or Internet a ddiction among the teenagers. Today, the popularity of Internet usage is likely to increase Internet addiction, especially to teenagers.The online games and social networks such as Faceable, Twitter make individuals interact and increase their activities on the Internet more and more. This situation makes individuals, especially adolescents, spend more time on the Internet. As a result, technological advancement is likely to increase Internet addiction day by day. Therefore, not only Internet addicts but also all the Internet users must be informed about the dangers of Internet addiction and preventive programs must be developed. Ignoring this problem and not developing solutions mean standing by bigger troubles that will rise in the future. Essay God in our lives. There is no point to have money if we do not have God. For example, â€Å"Great wealth without the peace Of God has little benefit† (1 6; 28:6). Also, ‘Wealth gained through corruption will eventually be judged† (22: 16, 22-23; 28:8, 20). There are so many proverbs on wealth and poverty, but the general idea is that working hard leads to wealth, and laziness and corruption leads to poverty. These are general principles that can be followed but are not always perfect in design.The book of Hebrews also speaks of sides and folly, especially chapter 9. For example, in Proverbs 9, two women are compared: one is wisdom and one is folly. The one named Wisdom built her home around seven pillars and prepared a feast for everyone who wanted to attend. She even cried out loudly so that everyone could hear her invitation. On the other hand, the woman of folly cried out even louder. She is without knowledge but still cries out to those â€Å"who are straight on their way' (Provo. 9:15).Her main target is believers who are following God and she will keep crying louder and louder. This applies to the world today because it is easier to give in to the woman of folly, because she is screaming so loudly. Just as the book of Proverbs compares diligence and laziness, it also compares wisdom to folly. It is almost as if they are on opposite sides of a scale and one will always weigh more in our lives. Hinds and Yates explain that the book of Proverbs â€Å"continually presents a sharp contrast between the life of wisdom and the life of folly† (p. 263).Wisdom and folly is â€Å"often a contrast between righteousness and sidedness,† and the contrast is not for a person with â€Å"street smarts,† but a person with a close relationship with God (p. 263). This means that it does not matter how many education degrees a person has, if they are not close with God, and fearing God, they cannot possibly be wise. This would apply to a wealthy business owner who seems to have it all, but does not have God so he is a fool. Smartness from the world's perspective is not wisdom in God's eyes. Bibliography Hinds, Deed and Gary Yates. Essence Of the Old Testament: A Survey. Nashville: publishing, 2012. Essay Alarm Bell about Internet Addiction Having been widely used since the sass, the Internet has become an integral part because of its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. The Internet allows us to access various information and global communication in a very convenient and effective way. Unfortunately, the excessive misuse of it can alter the development of human being society, especially the young generation.Therefore, I believe that it is necessary to raise the alarm bell about the Internet addiction among the teenagers due to its negative effects as well as consequences in three aspects: interpersonal (physical and mental), occupational (at school and at work), and social (relationship with family as well as community). Just like other types of addictions such as drug addiction or alcohol addiction, Internet addiction leads to many serious health hazards to both teenagers' physical and psychological fields.Since Internet addicts spend mo st of their time sitting, staring and focusing before the monitor screens, their bodies lack of active exercise while their brain are stimulated in high pressure. Hence, their vision and immune systems are easily weakened, increasing their vulnerability to assorted diseases. The lack of exercise due to excessive use of computer by maintaining a sitting posture may also risk suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome, back pain, and eyestrain.The Internet addiction also increases the danger of sleeping disorders (insomnia, apneas, nightmares) among teenagers (Western and Leukocyte 5). Many psychological and medical experts have agreed that the sleep is the essential function to human beings which helps to repair brain cells and promote formation of new neurons in the brain, so it is extremely important for the adolescents to grow up and develop. As a result, it is very harmful if adolescents skip sleeping because of heir addiction to the Internet.Moreover, many Internet addicts are so foc used on their â€Å"own world† that they forget to eat or drink; this may lead to malnutrition or even death. In the documentary â€Å"Digital Nation†, it shows the â€Å"PC bangs† in South Korea where adolescents are glued to the screens, expressionless. Some even play for more than 50 hours at a time without food or water. In fact, there have been a few deaths as a result of this (Digital Nation). Not only the physical side, but teenagers also have to face some psychological problems due to their Internet addiction.In the essay â€Å"Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet use†, Waistband and Leukocyte have reviewed many cross-sectional studies to prove that there are high risk of mental disorder among Internet addicts such as â€Å"affective disorder, anxiety disorders (including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder† (3). It is also found that there is a positive relationship betwe en Internet addiction and depression, as well as aggressive behaviors.Since the teenagers can be easily attracted and addicted with the harmful content in the Internet for a long time such as adult ex websites, online gaming, online chat systems and Bulletin Board System, the exposure to malicious and uncensored content online has perverted teenagers and has caused them to be more aggressive and violent. In the other words, they can be influenced and are likely to have aggressive behaviors. The above physical and psychological harmfulness caused by Internet addiction can bring teens many problems in their occupations.Since they spend too much time and efforts on their Internet usage rather than other activities, the Internet addicts usually face a lot of problems with their studies and work. All of we know that for 24 hours per day, people should divide into three equal sections: work/study, recreation, and sleep. Each section should last for eight hours. However, for Internet addic ts, they arrange their schedule differently by spending most of the time for being on- line instead of studying, working or sleeping.Without enough time for study/ work and lack of sleep as mentioned above, the Internet addicts have a shortage in the decision making function and a strategy learning/working lag. Students cannot concentrate and focus on their study if their minds are thinking of the Faceable newsfeed or the online games all the time. Academic problems caused by Internet addiction include decline in study habits, significant drop in grades, missing classes, increased risk of being placed on academic probation, and poor integration in extracurricular activities.For instance, Chunk Young II, a fifteen-year-old boy from Korea, dropped from the top half of his class to the bottom after being addicted to the computer games (Digital Nation). Similarly, employees with access to the Internet spend numerous hours of their working day engaged in non-work related Internet use. It can be said that Internet addiction can lead to poor academic reference in school and impaired functioning at work. Besides the negative effects mentioned above, the more dangerous consequence is the social relationships of the Internet addictive teenagers.According to Nine and Revering study in 2000, it is showed that there are about a quarter Of Internet addicts spends little time with their friends and families and 1/1 0 of them does not pay attention to the outside world (CTD. In Says 2). From this statistic, it can be understood that the adolescents may use the Internet for too long periods, isolating themselves from other forms of social contact, and focus almost entirely on the Internet rather than broader reality of life. Constant Internet use detracts time that could be spent with meaningful and productive social relationships.Hours wasted away typing useless messages, surfing the meaningless website, or playing nonsense games are injurious to personal relationships with t he one who really matter like family and friends. The social isolation, as a result of Internet addiction, that takes the teenagers away from the social activities and weakens the discourse relationship, might cause the feeling of incapability and social despair in teenagers. In the documentary Digital Nation, the mother Of Chunk Young II -? the fifteen year- old Korean boy whom we mentioned above- says â€Å"[my son] that inability to communicate with me, his own mother, makes me so sad. Unfortunately, her situation is not an exception. There are more and more cases which have been reported linking with the abnormal behaviors of Internet addictive teenagers to the people surrounding them. In the past, when people had problems in their lives, they used to confide to their family members or close friends for asking advice. However, the situation is changed now; the managers nowadays stick to the Internet by logging in their PC or smart devices, keeping chatting with strangers or fin ding the solutions by Google- inning.The invention of social networks like Faceable or Twitter was supposed to increase and tie the relationship between people. However, the result is contrast. The more people depend on those networks, the more they become lonely. There is a quote in the essay â€Å"Is Faceable making us lonely? † which Stephen Marcher claims that, † Faceable is interfering with our real friendships, distancing us from each other, making us lonelier; and that social outworking might be spreading the very isolation it seemed designed to conquer† (2).By using the example of the death of a former Play Boy playmate as well as many statistics and experts' opinions, Marcher believes that the overuse or dependence on this type of social network is responsible for the increasing of loneliness of modern people. Marcher also states a noticeable article written by researchers at Carnegie Mellon showing that an increase in Internet misuse is compatible with t he increase of loneliness. This contradiction between chance to connect and lack of human contact is called â€Å"Internet paradox† (Marcher 5). Becoming addicted to the Internet, the teenagers lose their human interaction.Moreover, they accept the unreal contacts which replace the real one. In the other words, by participating deeply in an artificial community, the Internet addicts teenagers lack real world face- to- face human interaction because talking through the computer network is greatly different from face- to- face contact. It's just like that if someone play the football video game really well, that does not mean he can play football in the real life. Since Internet addicts usually eliminate themselves from the social environment, their social relations have turned UT to be negative.Therefore, they cannot get many benefits from the social support. Like an endless cycle, the Internet addicts will spend more time on the Internet and expect more from the Internet for help. The example, which Marcher displays in the beginning of his essay, that Yvette Vickers had died for a very long time but no one discovered. Her computer was on when she died as it was the only connection she made with the outside world. She made contacts with distant fans through fan conventions and Internet sites instead of keeping in touch with her friends or family (Marcher 1).That can be portrayed as tragicomedy, and this type of tragicomedy has been shown more and more popular nowadays. On the whole, by the time connecting people, the Internet itself also makes the people isolate and decrease social skills to be more dependent on it. No one can deny that the Internet has played an important role that cannot be replaced in our modern lives. Therefore, many Internet supporters emphasize the advantages of the Internet usages such as convenient, popular and helpful rather than focus on the side-effects of the Internet in case of excessive use.They also may say hat the dangers listed are overstated and pessimistic about the situation of the Internet users. Those supporters argue that since there is no universal definition of Internet addiction, they believe that the quantities as well as quality of the Internet that they have used are suitable and appropriate; as a result they are not Internet addictive and are not affected by the consequences. In fact, since the Internet has attached closely to peep?s daily life, they can hardly realize how they depend on it.For example, they keep checking emails every five minutes and say that is just because of keeping in touch with their jobs. They spend several hours chatting with friends on instant messages on Faceable instead of hanging out and talking with them face-to-face. The first thing they do every morning is checking Faceable newsfeed instead of doing morning exercises. According to Marcher, â€Å"among 18-to-34-year-odds, nearly half check Faceable minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before get ting put of bed† (9).Although the statistic is simple, it shows the reality that how people depend on the social network as well as the Internet, even though they do not realize it. Moreover, people think that they can handle their behaviors and not be easily influenced actively by the Internet because it is just a tool supporting human life. Their argument may be right and reasonable, but only if it's applied on disciplined people. However, to the teenagers or adolescents, they are immature and too young to developing the self-control against the temptation of the Internet.It can be said that the adolescent period is the most important developing stage of human life spans. Therefore problematic computer usage that is time consuming and spoils functioning in important life domains is very dangerous to teenagers as well as the whole society. For many reasons above, I strongly live that it is necessary for us to raise the warning alarm on the Internet excessive use or Internet a ddiction among the teenagers. Today, the popularity of Internet usage is likely to increase Internet addiction, especially to teenagers.The online games and social networks such as Faceable, Twitter make individuals interact and increase their activities on the Internet more and more. This situation makes individuals, especially adolescents, spend more time on the Internet. As a result, technological advancement is likely to increase Internet addiction day by day. Therefore, not only Internet addicts but also all the Internet users must be informed about the dangers of Internet addiction and preventive programs must be developed. Ignoring this problem and not developing solutions mean standing by bigger troubles that will rise in the future. Essay This is especially important to politicians and leaders because if they keep trying to be the good guy and making empty promises then they will eventually ruin themselves. Several of Machiavellian ideas can also be applied to modern leaders and political figures today. Believing that a prince needs to rule restriction and limitation to protect people in order to survive. Therefore, being cruel and being feared are necessary actions a ruler must take to keep safety and order to his country.One of the feared leader in today's society is Kim Gong Un who is the supreme deader of North Korea and has been directly responsible for a number of strategic policy which his subordinates approve. Kim Gong Un is a powerful supreme commander who as the decider balances his institution and show people that as the dictator, people needs to bear in their mind that loyalty and devotion is necessary in order for him to protect his country and traitors is not going to be tolerated.And by showing that tra itors will be punish, Kim Gong Un executed his powerful uncle Gang Song-take who held accountable for being traitor that wanted to get the power Kim Gong LLC has. According to Goldman, Russell. â€Å"Kim Gong-nun's Bloody Path to Power. † BBC News. Web. â€Å"Purging and killing suspected rivals or officers with wavering loyalty has been a trait of the family dynasty along with unusual means of execution, which have included death by close range mortars† Because Kim Gong UN is feared, people has too much devotion for him.And because of that, protecting his country has become secure. Kim Gong UN construct stronger army that can handle any modern time warfare with complete offensive and defensive capabilities. And promises people that no one will get hungry again. Another feared and powerful leader in our today's society is President Xi Jigging from China. President Xi articulated a simple but powerful vision to revive and restore the Chinese nation. After just two years in office, President Xi has advanced himself as a transformation leader, adopting an agenda that proposes to reform.President Xi has a mission to kill graft and corruption in his country, the campaign touch almost every corner of the government. According to Kiang Steven. CNN News. Web. The 61 -year-old leader, considered China's most powerful in decades, reiterated his â€Å"zero-tolerance† stance, vowing to keep â€Å"waving high the sword against corruption† and â€Å"fastening the cage of regulations. † He took down former domestic security Czar Yanking, likely soon to become the most senior Chinese official ever to face corruption charges; General Xx Cachou, once the military's second-in- command; and Ling Joshua, a top aide to ex-President Huh Contain.For the sake of stability of china's nation, President Xi wanted to prove the people in china hat he will not tolerate deception and betrayal to their own county whether they are high ranking officials or lo w ranking officials. Lastly, President Vladimir Putting of Russia has a remarkable grip on power in today's society. He became prime minister in 1999. That lasted until 2000, when he switched to president, which lasted until 2008. Then he became prime minister again until 2012. He then went back to being the president of Russia, an office he's held since May 2012. According to Kamikazes, Cork. Endearingly. Web. No one would call Vladimir Putting a good guy,† Forbes staffer Caroline Howard wrote. In 2014 he strong-armed his way into possession of Crimea and waged an ugly proxy war in neighboring Ukraine, during which an almost certainly Russian-supplied surface-to-air missile downed a civilian jetliner. † President Putting is the kind of man who does what he wants and sin ‘t backing down from his ambitions no matter what everyone say. Because Putting is aiming Ukraine to instigate maximum damage since he wants to reconstitute Russia, President Putting sent tanks and artillery into eastern Ukraine and he knows that the west won't interfere. Essay

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Ethical issues in packaging practices, - Essay Example Conventionally, the concept of ethical packaging is associated with green packaging. This can be attributed to the fact that environmental health and safety and preservation of natural resources are among the prime agendas of scientists and researchers in the present age. However, the concept of ethical packaging includes and extends beyond green packaging. Ethical packaging can be defined as a packaging that, in short, complies with the moral standards. While certain moral standards are shared by people in all sorts of cultures, there are others that change from one culture to another. One of the ethical issues in packaging is the pictures of models on the covers. This is particularly an issue in the Muslim countries. Muslim countries make a considerable portion of the consumers. In order to make a product successful in particularly some of the more conservative and orthodox Muslim countries, it is imperative that the products do not have pictures of models over their packages with any level of nudity. While this is generally not a matter of concern in the Western countries, such a packaging is not consistent with the values and teachings of Islam. The fundamental purpose of showing models over the packaging is marketing of the products. If the features of packaging offend the consumers in any way, the sole purpose of putting the models on packaging is lost. Ethical packaging constitutes green packaging given the rapid depletion of natural resources in the present age. In addition to the depleting natural resources, environmental pollution is increasing steadily with the growth of industrialization. This imparts the need for packagers to identify alternate materials with which to pack the products. Traditionally, products are packed in plastic bags. However, their difficulty of decomposition compared to paper bags makes the latter, a more environment-friendly option when it comes to packaging. But using a paper bag in place of a plastic bag has its own implica tions since it is not as strong and durable a carrier as a plastic bag is. Besides, most of the paper is recycled and the chemicals used to recycle the paper contaminate the products packaged in them. This is particularly a matter of concern for food items. When Oakland placed a ban over the use of plastic bags in general and Styrofoam food packaging in particular (Zamora, 2006), plastic manufacturers sued the city in response. According to The Coalition to Support Plastic Bag Recycling, the city did not do adequate research on the repercussions of the ban. Plastic manufacturers sued not on the grounds that their profits might be sabotaged, but instead on the grounds of environment, claiming that paper is no less harmful for the environment than plastic. The jewelery industry provides an example of how ethical packaging can be made more responsible and attractive for the consumers. Jewelery industry has started making socially responsible packaging by raising the bar on the practice s of ethical business. For example, Responsible Jewelery Council is a UK-based organization that has established international standards across the supply chain so as to introduce practices that are responsible socially, environmentally, and ethically in a transparent manner (Cohen, 2013). The movement of ethical jewelery is pervasive as it affects the method of production and

Read an article about Google Unveils App For Paying With Phone, and Essay

Read an article about Google Unveils App For Paying With Phone, and write your response - Essay Example For now, this app allows the usage of cards issued by Citibank and a virtual card by Google, but Google is trying to incorporate the cards of other banks as well, as soon as possible. This technology can be used at 124,000 merchants in the US and 300,000 merchants outside the US. Google has done what many firms have been trying to do since years, the â€Å"Mobile Wallet† technology. One can be sure of the app’s success, as it has been approved by many retailers and with its promotional offers and coupons, Google would leave no tables unturned. Google would also collect some fee from the retailers every time this app is used by the customers, just like the plastic cards. Though this technology needs some time to see the light, Google has been engaging top brands to accept payments through this technology. The other attractions of this app comprise the loyalty points and discounts that one can get using this app. On the other hand, controversies have already rounded this technology. PayPal has filed a suit against Google and a couple of its executives for the usage of PayPal’s trade secrets. Despite the positive and the negative aspects of the app, it is sure to come up with many other interesting features as well.

Cultural and Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Example for Free

Cultural and Cross Cultural Psychology Essay Cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology is no more new, as it has had its momentum picked up for the past few decades. Developmental psychology is something of the same kind and it was a buzzword in between at the turn of the century. The question is how is it possible to study humans development though we intend to study. Human development is also reflected from the repeated efforts and interests on culture analysis in getting to know the interpretation of signals, code words and gestures. When it comes to testing, research and analysis in psychology related subjects it is quite difficult to understand the significant relation between the test samples and the findings. As there is never a reliable empirical formula. Cross cultural psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural condition. Its primary aims are to investigate a) systematic relations between behavioral variables and ethnic-cultural variables, and generalizations of psychological principles. Cross cultural psychology is the science by virtue of the scientific principles and methods it employs. Cross cultural psychology is not primarily concerned with the comparative study of culture, that si the enduring characteristics that mark a culture apart from other countries. (Leonore Loeb Adler, Uwe P. Gieglen, Florence L. Denmark. Cross cultural topics in psychology – Second edition) â€Å"Cross-cultural psychology is the empirical study of members of various culture groups who have had different experience that lead to predictable and significant differences in behavior. In the majority of such studies, the groups under study speak different languages and are governed by different political units† (British, Lonner, Thorndike, 1973, p. 5 – John W. Berry, Ype H. Pootinga, Marshall H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen. Cross cultural psychology Research and Applications – Second edition, p. 1) â€Å"Cultural Psycology is the study of the cultures role in the mental life of human beings† (Cole, 1996, p. 1- John W. Berry, Ype H. Pootinga, Marshall H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen. Cross cultural psychology Research and Applications – Second edition, p. 1) Cultural psychology is the study to examine ethnic and cultural sources of psychological diversity in emotional, social cognition and human development. (Richard A. Shweder, Maria A. Sullivan. Cultural Psychology: Who needs it? 1993 – Internet edition Cultural psychology is nothing but the practices, customs and beliefs we follow differs from place to place and ethnicity to ethnicity. It is the study of various cultural practices, customary traditions and beliefs that influence a particular sector of people, who decides to improve their society by improvising the existing practices and trying to reason few satisfactory logic to get convinced with the practices. The degree of variance is sometimes measurable and sometimes not. The most interesting part is to analyze how and to what extent the traditions, customs, practices and beliefs developed in a region based on something are made use in favor of personal purposes. Whereas cross-cultural psychology is the effort to establish a connection between psychology that is being framed on the basis of the customs and traditions practiced. It simply deals with the different set of experiences and different set of environment which shows a significant influence on the behavior of the person in a place. The cultural psychology stops with the traditions, customs, beliefs and practices in a system whereas cross-cultural psychology is deep about analyzing the effect of these cultural practices in the behavior and thought process of an individual in the system. For eg, the traditional practice of Sati (burning a woman alive after her husbands death) was followed in India. Learning the practice and the origin of Sati and analyzing its logic, superstitious beliefs is the cultural psychology. Cross cultural psychology tends to explain why women in India are able to accept the practice and get convinced when it is not possible with the other women in the rest of the world. Critical thinking in the cross cultural psychology Cross cultural psychology is interesting to deal with, but actually speaking is highly uninteresting when it comes to experiment and research. It is difficult to format a methodology and bring it in practice, even if brought into practice it is not all that easy to interpret the results of the psychological tests and tasks. How can researchers make out the differences between the results obtained for the same tests from different groups though the questions are same and the groups are different based on the brought up and experience. Is it possible to exhibit a connection between the psychology and the culture with just the interpretation of the results of the tests conducted, and the fact being no one knows to what extent the interpretation falls right. The difference in the thinking may occur due to the difference in the culture influenced thought process, still it is difficult as there is no concrete or empirical formula formulated to decide on it. There is no assurance that the difference in thought process is because of the cultural difference, as there could also be reasons such as bewildered nature of the question, the puzzling nature of the tests, the mood and ignorance of the people and the literacy rate and understanding power of an individual. It does not stop with cross cultural psychology as developmental psychology also faced the similar kind of problem in formatting the research to get to know the exact demand of the scientists and the researchers from the test samples. In addition to that few man made minor errors in the research and process leads to an unexpected and unwanted finding and the errors are sometimes left undetected too. The methodology associated with cross cultural research When it comes to methodology of cross cultural psychology, it involves the qualitative methodology to analyze the practices, customs and habits of different cultures, on the other hand it requires quantitative methodology to compare, analyze and juxtapose the difference in psychology of different individuals influenced by the cultures and practices they follow. Psychological and cultural psychology experiments always require the need of qualitative analysis, as the cross cultural psychology is all about analyzing a huge mass of test sample quantitative analysis also comes into picture, perhaps the problem is sometimes the methods are treated mutually exclusive and the results are not compatible all the time. In addition to this, there is a report that researchers employ artificial and unfamiliar methods leading to ambiguous results. The issue is research is done based on the questions answered by individuals in a society rather than the collective answer from a society, that makes the major difference and inconvenience. Conclusion Though the subject is interesting, it is poignant to know the investigation methods have not taken the right direction. Conventional methods and sampling techniques are most desired all the times, perhaps when it comes to bringing out the difference between two cultures and the influence on the thought process of an individual because of the culture, it is advisable not to stop with these conventional techniques, as even previous literature works, media interviews, assumptions can be taken into significant consideration. Apart from all these standard quantitative techniques should be given the appropriate attention too, the results from the conventional sampling techniques and the standard quantitative techniques can be compared and related. This way a convincing analysis can be expected. Reference: Richard A Shweder. Thinking through cultures – Expeditions in cultural psychology John W. Berry, Ype H. Pootinga, Marshall H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen . Cross cultural psychology Research and Applications – Second edition James W. Stigler, Richard A. Shweder, Gilbert Herdt. Cultural Psychology- Essays on comparative human development. Lumei Hui. (2003)Theoretical and Methodological Problems in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior John W. Berry, Ype H. Pootinga, Marshall H. Segall, Pierre R. Dasen. Cross cultural psychology Research and Applications – Second edition

Looking At Womens Sexuality In Cane English Literature Essay

Looking At Womens Sexuality In Cane English Literature Essay The Harlem Renaissance was a time period when the African American art and culture started to thrive. This time period many African American people started feeling more assimilated with American culture then before. The migration from the suppressed south to the north is what ushered in the Harlem Renaissance period. This was also a time where African Americans had let down their inhibitions which in turn paved the way for the culture to come through. Still, many black people had to go through challenging times. Many of the southern blacks had to deal with racial beatings and lynching. The author who really drew a vivid picture of the lives of southern black people was Jean Toomer. Toomer wrote his famous novel Cane at the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance which further inspired other African American artist. In Cane, Toomer uses vibrant imagery of Georgia and symbolism to show the lives of southern black people. His stories Portrait in Georgia and Georgia Dusk mention lynchings th at white people use in attempt to show black people who the powerful race is. Other stories like Song of the Son and Cotton Song echo the past history of slavery. One prominent theme that seems to be relevant in Cane is sexuality, or more prominently black womens sexuality. In the first story Karintha, Toomer tells of a girl who Men had always wantedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦even as a child (Toomer 1). The lust of Karintha at a young age was one so tempting that even older men wished for youth so they would have a chance with her. This changes though when She played home with a small boy who was not afraid to do her bidding (Toomer 1). This line seems to imply that Karintha married a man who could provide certain things to her. Further lines that talk about the old men who remind Karintha of when they use to lust after her, mentions that she Smiles, and indulges them when she is in the mood for it, which supports the idea that Karintha has turned into a prostitute. This is also evident when Toomer explains: The attention given to Karintha was only used for her sexuality. Ultimately, the lust for Karintha dehumanized her existence and The soul of her was a growing thing ripened too soon (Toomer 2). This quote reinforces the idea of Karintha being a prostitute. From these actions it could also be implied that Karintha had a stillborn baby when Toomer writes But Karintha is a woman, and she has had a child. A child fell out of her womb onto a bed of pine-needles in the forest (Toomer 2). At the beginning of this story, Toomer shows the innocence of a young Karintha, he then contrasted that to an older used Karintha. Another story Carma is about a black woman who is strong as any man (Toomer 10). Carmas promiscuous sexuality is what ultimately lands her husband in a chain gang. The story goes on to explain that Carma has an extramarital affair She had others. No one blames her for that (Toomer 11). She might not be blamed for that, but she is blamed after her husband finds out about the affair. This leads to Carma shooting herself to gain more sympathy from him. This does nothing but anger her husband who states Twice deceived, and one deception proved the other, then kills a man next to him (Toomer 11). Toomer portrays Carma as somewhat of a she devil for her promiscuous sexuality that angers her husband who ends up serving his time. Toomer shows the opposite of the sexual promiscuity in the last two stories with Fern. Fern is a black woman whose body is sexualized by other men but she purposefully remains a virgin. While men thought that Ferns eyes said to them that she was easy, really she did not feel obliged to satisfy their needs. Men could not believe that she would not have them and A sort of superstition crept into their consciousness of her being somehow above them. Being above them meant that she was not to be approached by anyone. She became a virgin (Toomer 14). It the story it says that while being a virgin is normal, not wanting to reproduce is not and that black folks were made to mate (Toomer 15). It could be assumed that Fern is portrayed as a Madonna, which would coincide with a line in another one of Toomers stories that mentions a Negress who drew a portrait of a black Madonna on the courthouse wall (Toomer 21). After the narrator spend time with Fern, he breaks down the real Fern who ended up fainting in his arms. The men in the town hear about this and the narrator is given dirty looks because they felt he had in some way threatened their black Madonna. Toomer uses vivid images of the landscape in the story. At the end, he connects Fern with the detailed landscape. Toomers next story Esther, is a about a black girl who looks like a little white child (Toomer 20). Through the story Esther badly wants to associate herself to the black culture but finds it hard because she is lighter and her dad is the richest black person in town. Esther in not portrayed as a black temptress like in the other stories in Cane; she is considered not attractive. Esther dreams of being accepted into the black culture. In one, she dreams there is a fire in the town which could be seen as a metaphor for her desire. When the fire starts the women scoot in all directions leaving Esther with a baby who is Black, signed, woolly, tobacco-juice baby-ugly as sin. Once held to her breast, miraculous thing: its breath is sweet and its lips can nibble (Toomer 22). This can be interpreted as Esther thinking that she needs a dark skinned baby to feel less light skinned. While the people in her dream might see the baby as ugly, she sees it as her bond to darker skin, forgetting her own color. Esther knows that men do not notice her and even says I dont appeal to them. I wonder why (Toomer 22). This is when her obsession with a black man named Barlo begins because it helps her forget she is lighter. She wants to offer herself to Barlo so she will be able to conceive her dark skinned child she had dreamed of, thus becoming more darkened. When Barlo returns to town she seeks to meet him face to face to give her body to him which does not turn out well as he recognizes her lighter skin tone. With the failed disappointment Esther tells herself The thought comes suddenly, that conception with a drunken man must be a mighty sin (Toomer 25). Her dreams to reproduce with Barlo failed, she becomes completely disembodied. At the end of this story, the town disappears along with her dreams. While the men in African American culture tried so hard to get away from the view that white people had, believing black people to be over sexualized beings, Toomer portrayed his black women just as that. While there has been a social stigma surrounding the false belief that African American women are over sexualized, some of the stories such as Karintha, Carma, and Fern do nothing to discredit that belief. Granted, this was not a stronger theme in these stories that lynching or slavery was. That being said, the Harlem Renaissance period was a time when white people had started to notice African American art and Toomer tried to accurately display the real lives of African Americans in Cane.

Cultural Diversity Within The Hospitality Industry Commerce Essay

Cultural Diversity Within The Hospitality Industry Commerce Essay Organizations around the world has realized that the cultural diversity within the organization is not a negative aspect, rather can facilitate organizational stalk for glory (Papers4you.com, 2006). However this is not an easy task to manage employees from different cultural backgrounds. However, there are many policy guidelines that can make the task easier. In a broader perspective, cultural diversity can be managed through communication (creating awareness among all employees about diverse values of peers through communication), cultivating (facilitating the recognition, support and encouragement of success of any employee with all other workers), and capitalizing (linking diversity to every business process and strategy such as succession planning, reengineering, employee development, performance management and review, and reward systems) strategies (Cascio, 1995). There are many different innovative ways that organizations have adopted to manage diversity. For example Tabra Incorporation, a small manufacturer of jewelry and accessories inCalifornia composed of modest size, is the composition of the third world immigrants fromCambodia, China, El Salvador, Ethiopia, India, Laos, Mexico, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam and other nations. To recognize the importance of their cultural association, at least 10-12 different flags are still hanging from the ceiling of its main production facility, which represent the country of origin of employees. Viewpoint owner is I wish that were a little United Nations for everyone to agree and appreciate the culture of others instead of just tolerating it. (Bhatia Chaudary, 2003) If cultural diversity can be managed effectively, there is potential to use diverse workforce benefits the organization. Cox and Balke (1991) argues that multiculturalism is directly linked to the success of the organization as Effectively managed the culture of many companies have cost effective competitive advantage It helps to promote minority friendly reputation among potential employees Various cultural societies help customers to achieve that with a variety of people Diverse group of employees are perceived to be more creative and effective problem solving compared to homogenous group Ability to manage cultural diversity increases adaptability and flexibility of an organization to environmental changes. Many examples of organization may be taken in this regard. In Australia, for instance, Hotel Nikko in Sydney has one edge that staff in the areas of the user to connect directly speak a total of 34 different languages. Similarly Qantas Flight Catering has sixty-six nationalities on staff, with various persons born abroad leaders. If committed various ethnic cuisines has given Qantas a huge competitive advantage that offers food based on taste and ethnic customer requirements. Moreover Dons Smallgoods through literacy, language and cultural training increased intercultural communication and increased profits while reducing costs at a time. Similarly, The Cheesecake Factory had made special efforts to understand the quality of packaging and Japanese culture as employees in Asia to help leaders understand the Asian flavors so they can target exports to Asia (Nankervis et al, 2002) Hence the discussion suggests that it is important to realize that cultural diversity must be considered as a tool for better organizational progress rather than a management problem and if effectively managed, it can be a key to gain competitive advantage and success. Like other industries in the hospitality sector is facing challenges of diversity and specific opportunities.  In 2003, the Department of Commerce, Enterprise and Employment has issued more permits forty seven thousand workers, migrant workers, this was more than eleven and a half thousand different employers and workplaces.  According to IBEC hotel and restaurant is the major employer of nationals NONEU with about 23% work in the area.  This creates challenges in that the organizations should create and maintain workplaces that evoke a concept of fluidity in their organization will accept and take into account differences in humans.  Achieving this requires leadership diversity, the diversity of organizational structures effective and successful planning and execution of decisions of diversity appropriate and timely.   Research: Through research, a number of focus groups were conducted at various locations throughout the country.  These meetings brought together representatives of properties and organizations operating within (or connected to) the hospitality industry.  Participants included hotel owners, restaurant owners, hotel managers, Catering Managers, human resource managers, supervisors and hotel food and Students Teachers colleges different host.( Bucher, R. 1999) The qualitative study was supported by quantitative research in the form of surveys were completed by participants in focus groups.  To guide and direct the search for a model (developed in both academic literature and practical experience) was used.  As shown in figure one, the framework assesses the extent to which organizations are taking steps to meet the challenges of diversity through assessment and planning dimensions of implementation. Regarding planning for diversity, the analysis criteria focused on Diversity Awareness (or the extent to Whish organizations are aware of diversity and proactively identify opportunities for diversity / challenges in their own contexts  ) and Diversity Options (which basically considers the type of diversity planning and decision making performed by organizations).  Regarding the implementation of diversity assessments have focused on Diversity Imperatives (the extent to which organizations share the responsibility for diversity and the development of rewarding diversity and effective structures of control) and   The variety of interfaces (which considers the extent to which it is internal and external cooperation on diversity and the degree to which assessments of effective structures were developed). While many host organizations have begun to take note of the dynamics of diversity change (such as legislation on equality), there seems to be some problems with respect to the ongoing, systematic collection of information  diversity to feed the decision-making.  For example, some research participants have difficulty identifying the nine grounds of discrimination, while others could not detail the cultural composition of staff within their organizations.  Research indicates that people in the area of May is not the collection of appropriate information and be sufficiently informed about the diverse and changing needs in the area of diversity.  The study also underlines that the host organizations are beginning to bring the dynamic change in the diversity of their own organizations and identify the specific challenges they face.  For example, many research participants acknowledged the importance of effective management and diversity have been able to describe the challenge s inherent in integrating a diverse staff. However, while research shows some recognition of the diversity of challenges there are questions regarding the identification of the full scope and range of the diversity of challenges facing those operating in the sector.  For example, some research participants saw diversity issues in a purely internal (in terms of managing diverse employees) and fails to recognize the diversity of external challenges that exist with regard to clients (under the law  Equality 2000 discrimination against customers on the basis of nine grounds of discrimination is prohibited and may result in legal challenges). Questions have also been highlighted regarding the identification of opportunities for diversity.For example, many research participants were able to describe changes in their organizations had done in order to treat or prevent diversity programs (eg the introduction of training or development of policies to deny  against prejudice).  On the other hand, few were able to describe the actions of their organizations had undertaken to take advantage of opportunities for increased diversity (such as development and marketing services to attract new and different segments, thus increasing  their market share and increase profits). Finally, research shows that if the home many organizations have engaged in gathering information and identifying problems on a reactive basis, which is less in respect of more proactive measures.  For example, some participants in focus groups described how their organizations have made decisions and made changes based on the variety of incidents had already occurred.  As reiterated by a research participant Were training required because we already had a number of cases. However there was less evidence of companies collecting information, identifying potential problems and resolve  these problems before they actually arise. Options Diversity: A number of questions about diversity of options have been identified which are: The study emphasizes that host many organizations are beginning to take decisions and to Diversity  choose effective options for diversity change.  For example, some host companies are now employing a diverse staff, engage in appropriate training in diversity and development of diversity policies. However, there are problems concerning the extent to which diversity plans are fully thought through (decision alternatives are not properly developed and evaluated to arrive at the best option for change) and the extent to which the impact  decisions on the chosen variety of other areas of operation is envisaged.  For example, some research participants said that they had taken the decision to employ staff nonnational they did not consider the impact this would have on existing national staff.  As will be seen by a participant in the research of these organizations now dealing with a whole new set of challenges to the extent that they have to manage how employees react India Although the study indicates an evolution towards the decision of thediversity within the area there are questions as to the whole scope and range of decisions (necessary to ensure compliance and effectively manage diversity) may not be in place. For example, organizations invest in May  resources in tra ining their own employees on diversity issues, but they neglect to ensure that contract staff employed by other agencies (such as door staff) received training sufficient diversity or are not even  aware of the diversity of organizations / equality policies. If this contract staffs are involved in an incident at the diversity of the organization itself can diversity activities softer (such as holding intercultural  or days of ethnic foods), but fail to take difficult decisions diversity around the developing diversity policy and training initiatives. Finally, issues relating to the time perspective in current decision making diversity were raised.Because decision making diversity tends to be reactive the long-term perspective necessary to effectively manage diversity in the future may not be in place.  For example, some hospitality students who attended the awareness sessions small provision has been made to ensure that students entering the industry are trained on diversity issues. The imperatives of diversity: A number of questions were raised about the diversity imperative, which include the following: Research shows that while the host organizations have begun to assign responsibility for diversity  does not appear to B happens on a broad base of organization or even holistic. For example, in diversity, some organizations is entirely administered by the HR staff or supervisors and as such does not form part  all organizational roles. As reiterated by one participant: I leave that to my managers and supervisors to manage   Another problem for the industry centers on the development of reward and effective control structures around diversity.  Research demonstrates that when people are not rewarded or controlled then the decision making or the diversity of behaviors effective diversity does not become a priority for these people.  As reiterated by a research participant Interfaces Diversity: A number of questions were raised about diversity interfaces, which include the following: There is some evidence to suggest that those operating in the sector began to focus on the development of  cooperation on diversity. For example, some host organizations have established committees for diversity while others have regular meetings attended by the diversity of people from different areas and levels of the organization  . However, in companies where the responsibility for diversity is attributed to a single person or a service, interagency cooperation around diversity May be a problem. A similar situation can be found at the industry level where there is little  evidence of the diversity of cooperation between organizations (eg information sharing or sector wide regular meetings to discuss issues). The research also indicates problems in the development of the feedback diversity and effective communication structures.  The continuous feeding information back into the decision-making and effective communication is essential if organizations are to learn and benefit from the experience of diversity in the long term. Awareness of diversity: As indicated in the previous section, research findings indicate a number of questions regarding the Diversity Awareness, which includes gathering information on diversity, identification of the diversity of challenges and  opportunities (as they relate to the specific context) and the development of proactive diversity measures. In addressing these issues, the following measures are recommended: Both industry and the corporate level, it is important that the diversity of information is collected systematically, effectively and continuously.  To achieve this organizations need to establish what type of data that diversity is necessary (such as information on changes in legislation on equality or diversity of best practices at national or international) where the relevant information can  be obtained (eg, quality Authority systems, Island and the Legal Office directly Equality Investigations) and the degree of effectiveness can be developed to ensure that data is captured and stored in a manner that is conducive to effective  decision making. Once the information has been collected, it must be proactively used to permanently identify the full scope and extent of the diversity of challenges and opportunities faced by the particular context.  To ensure a complete evaluation every individual in the context necessary to identify the challenges and opportunities affecting their role.  For example, those in receipt of a hotel may face problems that center on further implementation where diversity as managers earlier in the hierarchy May be more concerned about planning for diversity (  such as developing policies to ensure compliance with equality legislation).  Where there is an effect may lead to legal challenges (which follows in May negative reputation legal or financial results). Options Diversity: As indicated earlier research highlighted a number of Options diversity issues such as identification of alternatives diversity decision, decisions of the diversity and the decision of the  diversity of perspectives over time.  In addressing these questions should be considered: In the decision of the diversity, it is important that decision alternatives are developed, tested and chosen the best option (as opposed to jumping the decision most obvious or simple solution that comes to mind without thinking fully  options through).  In the development of alternative organizations should evaluate the decision other case studies (which have addressed similar problems or opportunities), look at what happens in the sectors of hospitality outside India, engage in problem  diversity issues, brainstorm and try to have representatives of all levels and areas of the organization involved in the process of decision making for diversity. Once a particular change option is selected, it is important to achieve integration and consistency between plans of diversity and other areas of organizational decision making.  In our experience, it may happen that the customer service at odds with the plans of diversity policies or vice versa.  For example, if a customer refuses to deal with an employee nonnational policy diversity in May prescribe a plan of action (whether the customer is informed that this is discrimination and given no choice but to deal with  staff member) where, as the customer service plan may accommodate the customer called at any time.  In achieving coherence between the different body plans, it is important that the impact of the diversity of decisions on other areas of operation is constantly evaluated and that individuals from different levels and areas of the  organization are involved in the process of decision making for diversity. Organizations must ensure that the full scope and range of decisions Diversity (required to ensure compliance with equality legislation) are taken.  Realizing this, it is important that all organizational roles is assessed, including the challenges and opportunities related to these roles are identified and that appropriate decisions are taken on this basis. Outlook appropriate time should underpin all decisions of the range of decisions (eg in some cases, a short-term perspective is necessary if, as in other prospects in the longer term will be necessary). Imperatives of diversity: The search results a number of diversity imperative issues including the allocation of responsibility for diversity, reward diversity and developing control structures and management support of the  diversity. In dealing with these issues, the following are recommended: By implementing effective diversity plans, it is important that responsibility is spread across a broad organizational base and comprehensive (ie all employees should be responsible for diversity in the context of their own role).  In achieving this number of measures are necessary, which include assessment of roles, identification of the nature and level of responsibility appropriate range for each job, the attribution of responsibility to the diversity of individual roles (all employees must be aware of their responsibilities in writing) and consideration of the responsibility for diversity over time .Once people have given responsibility, it is important that there be ongoing evaluation.  In this regard, different reward structures (where people are rewarded for positive diversity staffing decision-making or behavior) must be developed.  In addition, control structures to discourage people from engaging in the variety of negative behaviors (such as jokes in the workplace or other negative forms of discrimination) should be in place.  Political leadership and management support are absolutely critical in facilitating specific responsibilities related to diversity. Interfaces diversity: As indicated earlier research highlights a number of questions about diversity interfaces, which include internal cooperation and external diversity and development of structures of the diversity of feedback. In  dealing with these issues, the following measures are recommended: Interorganizational cooperation is important if diversity must be managed effectively.  For this purpose, the individual host organizations may establish committees of diversity (composed of people from different areas and levels of the organization), the conduct of the diversity of regular meetings and ensure timely and streaming  diversity TwoWay. External communication of diversity and cooperation (ie with other organizations in the sector) may be beneficial.  To achieve that representatives of different industry groupings should look to meet regularly to share information, solve problems and learn from the experiences of each other.  In addition, the information industry of the Cross: Diversity Working Group (to act as a support mechanism for the sector in relation to issues of diversity and assist organizations in moving to meet the  challenges and opportunities presented by diversity) should be considered. The structures must be in place to ensure that the diversity of information is continuously fed back into the hierarchy and in every stage of decision making.  In this way, organizations can ensure they continually learn both positive and negative experiences of diversity. (Wrench, J, 2001) Conclusion and general recommendations: In recent years dynamic diversity change have created new opportunities and challenges for organizations operating in the India economy.  This contribution briefly describes the research that was conducted for the India Hotel and restaurant around the Institute of the diversity of challenges faced by those working in the hospitality sector.  The study stresses that in view of the diversity of this sector is currently facing a series of questions.  Which focus on planning issues of diversity (such as identifying the diversity of challenges, opportunities and make effective decisions for diversity) and aspects of implementation (such as allocation of responsibility for diversity  and the creation of internal / external cooperation around diversity). To meet these challenges (both sectoral and organizational level), the following steps are recommended: Systems must be put in place to enable the ongoing collection and processing of informat ion diversity.  Mechanisms must be developed to facilitate the proactive identification of the diversity of challenges and opportunities over the long term.  Decision diversity effectiveness of decision making must be undertaken (which requires the identification of alternative decisions, choosing the most appropriate option, assessing the impact of decisions on other areas of diversity of the  company and if necessary by taking a long term approach to decision making).  Responsibility for diversity should be allocated to an organizational level and in the context of all the roles.  Reward and diversity of effective control structures should be developed and implemented.  Supporting diversity and leadership must be provided.  Cross-industry cooperation and interaction around diversity should be developed and maintained.  The diversity of structures appropriate information needed to facilitate the learning of the diversity of experiences.  Training in diversity and diversity management must be part of the curriculum in colleges host.  Diversity training and attitude of the company to diversity should be included in the initial training.