United States Negotiation with the Taliban Research Paper

United States Negotiation with the Taliban - Research Paper Example Development of the economy is of great value if the public is involved in negotiations. The interest groups should ensure common goal of economic development is achieved through democratic participatory governance. A developing economy is bound to be free from conflict.   The Taliban should not be negotiated with as they are perpetrators of terrorism. The terrorist activities amount to loss of millions of innocent lives. Just like the 9/11 tragedy where many innocent Americans lot their loved ones. Conflict ensued when the US military invaded Afghanistan and Pakistan to flush the out terrorist groups. This led to the declaration of Global War on Terrorism.   This action blocked the air tube to terror bases of Taliban.Children’s rights are violated by being taken as child soldiers as right wing supporters of the Taliban regime have been used to fight in their military wing. This denies the young minds the right to education and also it leads to psychological trauma. Deterio ration of security since the Taliban regime hosted the AI-Qaeda a terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 bombing of the World Trade centre in New York. The regular strikes made by the terrorist’s organizations have led to high insecurity levels to countries affiliated to the US. Some sectarian groups also indulged in armed and terrorist activities against their rival groups bringing fear and terror in the society. Engaging in drug trade so as finance their activities is one the reasons that the Taliban should never be negotiated.

Ray Bradbury Comparative Paper Essay Example for Free

Ray Bradbury Comparative Paper Essay Ray Bradbury, well-known American author, playwright, and poet, created his success on no more than his high school diploma. He did, however, learn many valuable lessons in life which he incorporates in his works. Ray Bradbury uses figurative language such as irony, personification, and imagery to artistically present his vision of life’s morals. Bradbury’s use of irony in his pieces establishes how mankind commonly contradicts himself. In â€Å"The Veldt†, George and Lydia hear screams that â€Å"sound familiar† but ignore them. The couple also finds their wallet and scarf and disregards how these items were chewed and covered in blood when they found them. George and Lydia receive their last clue when they enter the nursery and see the lions in the background feasting on an unknown prey. â€Å"They’ve just been eating†¦ [but they] don’t know what. † Ray Bradbury turns these foreshadowing events into irony when the parents are killed by the lions. It is ironic that they have seen the lions devouring something, saw the wallet and scarf, and heard the screams but do not realize that they were the lion’s meal and it was their screams that they heard and the scarf and wallet were chewed by the lions and covered in their own blood. Bradbury also uses irony in the â€Å"Happiness Machine. † Leo Auffmann created a machine which he claimed brought happiness to the occupant. He convinced his wife to â€Å"try it on† but when she got out she shouted, â€Å"It lies, that Sadness Machine. † This is ironic because what Leo thought was a Happiness Machine is really a Sadness Machine. Leo then finds that true happiness cannot be created by a machine but is found in the heart of his family. In â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains†, the house reads a poem to the emptiness where a family once was. The poem explains how nature â€Å"would not mind†¦if mankind perished utterly. † It is ironic because the poem is warning the family how the war will destroy them but nature will continue on when that is exactly what has happened. The family has been killed and the house soon after dies but the sun continues to rise and set as if nothing has happened. Personification is another common literary device in Bradbury’s work. It is most prominent in â€Å"There Will Come Soft Rains. † Bradbury describes the house with human like qualities in how it defends itself against the fire which is also personified. The house â€Å"quivered at each sound† and is described as the attic being the brain and the exposed oak beams as â€Å"its bare skeleton† and all of â€Å"its nerves revealed. † The fire was personified when it â€Å"fed upon Picassos and Matisses†¦ [and] lay in beds, stood in windows. † Bradbury also described the fire as being â€Å"clever† as it attacked â€Å"the attic brain† and â€Å"rushed back into every closet and felt of the clothes hung there. † Bradbury also uses personification in â€Å"The Foghorn. † He gives the foghorn human-like characteristics when relating it to the monster. The foghorn made a â€Å"great deep cry† that vibrated in the â€Å"throat of the tower† as the â€Å"light, switching its tail,† shone bright in the distance. Bradbury continues to use personification in â€Å"The Veldt. † The nursery that Wendy and Peter spend most of their time in is described with human-like qualities. The walls changed from blankness to the veldt with a â€Å"purr† and â€Å"reproduced to the final pebble and bit of straw. † It is further personified when the room itself kills the parents. Bradbury also frequently uses imagery in his work. In â€Å"The Pedestrian†, he described the highways as â€Å"only dry riverbeds† empty of vehicles. Bradbury also points out the â€Å"tomblike buildings† and â€Å"gray phantoms† along the sides of the road. These vivid descriptions allow the reader to feel the loneliness and absence of life in the city and its streets. The imagery in â€Å"The Pedestrian† sets the mood and describes the setting. â€Å"The Foghorn† portrays another source of imagery. Bradbury makes the reader visualize the â€Å"long grey lawn of the sea stretching away into nothing and nowhere† with his descriptive vocabulary. He describes how the â€Å"stone tower† emitted a light that flashed red and white out to the â€Å"lonely ships† â€Å"in the cold water far from land. † This makes the reader understand how secluded McDunn and Johnny were out at the lighthouse and intensifies the oddness of the appearance of the sea monster. Imagery is also present when McDunn explains to Johnny how the monster â€Å"hid away in the Deeps. † The way he describes the â€Å"Deeps† makes it all seem magical yet realistic. Bradbury continues to use imagery in â€Å"The Happiness Machine. † Towards the end of the short story, Leo discovers a real happiness machine. When he describes this â€Å"machine,† he makes the reader visualize a pleasant and warm home filled with joy. This example of imagery contrasts how Bradbury typically uses his words to display desolation and despair. Ray Bradbury expresses similar patterns in his work by using irony, personification, and imagery. He writes with these three types of figurative language in different ways in all of his pieces of work. Bradbury takes common techniques of writing and makes them his own by using them in a certain way to present his ideas in a unique style.

How does star bucks create brand equity?

How does star bucks create brand equity? Question 1 How does Starbucks create brand equity? According to Kotler 2009, brand equity is reflected in how customers, think, feel and act with respect to the brand, prices, market share, and profitability that the brand commands for the firm. The green and white Starbuck logo is widely recognized. Starbuck create brand equity by turning an everyday beverage into a premium product. Starbuck coffee defined not only a product, but also attitude and personality together. In addition, Starbuck also launched various flavours that reflect the different moods and taste. Starbuck create brand equity by provides a superior level of customer service collecting the suggestion or the ideas from consumer. Therefore, Starbuck build a high degree of customer loyalty successfully. Apart from this, Starbuck also sell best quality of the coffee and related products like beverage mug. Starbuck become fastest growing brands. (Business Weeks, 2002) This is because it is about the experience, the atmosphere and the place that let most people gets away f rom everyday stresses. Starbuck also created an affinity with customers. Beside this, Starbuck also do commitment to the community to increase the brand equity. Question 2 Why enter the Asian market? Why enter Singapore? Starbucks enter Asian market because its company felt that Asian offered more potential market than Europe. According to one executive of Starbuck, Asian is a region which full of emerging markets since the consumer disposable income increase as country economics growth. Apart from this, people in Asia are open to Western lifestyle. Starbuck enter Asian because of the highly â€Å"Westernized† ideas and lifestyle. Finally, coffee consumption growth rates in Southeast Asia are estimated to increase 20 % to 30 % yearly. Economic for Singapore has an annual growth rate of 11% (1998 in real terms).   Apart from this, Singapore countrys per capital income is the third highest in Asia after Japan and Brunei. Singapore has one of the best living conditions in Asia. Singaporeans are able to indulge luxury goods and they also like to indulge themselves with food. Singaporeans feel quality and price that eating has become a national obsession. Starbuck coffee is a premium beverage product and this brand product can defined as attitude of a person. Starbuck is not just a drink but personality together. Beside this, Starbuck choose to invest in Singapore because Singapore entertainment is influenced by Western culture. Singaporean highly â€Å"Westernized† ideas adopted. Starbuck identify as American icon except McDonalds. Starbuck create an American coffee culture. Starbuck should focus on Singapore because of the market has tremendous growth potential. According to Bruce Rolph, he thinks that peopl e should increasingly focus on Singapore not as a mature market with low earnings and growth potential. Finally, the Singaporean market still has no clear leader in the specialty coffee industry. Starbuck may get high demand of product in Singapore. Question 3 Who is the target market? Starbuck target people who are open to Western culture and lifestyle. In addition, Starbuck also target people who are with high disposable income. Those people are able and willing to spend money for purchasing costly gourmet coffee.   Target market for Starbuck is mainly adult-focused. The aims are for connecting with their client, communities. (Starbuck Campaign Market Analysis) Starbuck target consumer are from urban-areas because individuals who are willing to purchase costly gourmet coffee. Apart from this, college student who are undergraduate or post-graduate living in urban areas are target market for Starbuck too. (Starbuck Campaign Market Analysis) In addition, Starbuck also target consumer who are stressful. Starbuck provide a relax environment which is about the experience, the atmosphere and the place that let most people gets away from everyday stresses. Starbuck also created an affinity with customers. Question 4 Is Starbucks facing cannibalization? Yes, Starbuck is facing cannibalization. Even through, sales of Starbucks and growing rapidly but the rate of growth is slow. Rate of growth is slowing at existing stores and the annual sales growth at stores from 19% in 1993 to 7% in 1996 because of store cannibalization. Stores cannibalization has been known as open stores within one block of each other led to market saturation. Stores cannibalization cause competition among close Starbucks stores and damage the company culture within the workforce. Store cannibalization also cause decrease in employees performance. Question 5 Who are some of Starbucks joint venture partners? Starbuck joint venture partners are Capitol Records, Sazaby Inc. in Japan, Dreyers Grand Ice Cream, Pepsi-Cola, Intel Corporation and Mack Johnsons Johnson Development Corporation. In 1995, Starbuck released Blue Note Blend Coffee and CD with Capitol Records. An agreement signed at October 1995 with Sazaby Inc. to develop Starbuck retail stores in Japan. Starbuck form joint-venture with Dreyers Grand Ice Cream to form premium line of coffee ice cream market. North American Coffee Partnership formed between Pepsi-Cola and Starbucks at 1996. The partnership announced its plan to market a bottled version of Starbucks Frappuccino beverage. Apart from this, Starbucks also push it market toward cybercafes by formed joint venture with Intel Corporation. In addition, Starbucks formed joint-venture with Mack Johnsons Johnson Development Corporation to develop Starbucks locations in underserved, inner-city urban neighbourhoods. Question 6 Is Starbucks a socially responsible company? Starbucks is a socially responsible company. Starbucks sell only finest whole- bean coffee and coffee beverages. Roast coffee bean that do not meet the company requirement or the coffee bean is remaining in the bins for more than one week will be donated to charity. In addition, Starbuck also contributed in CARE which is a non-profit charity organization since 1991 for the needy in coffee-growing countries. Starbucks has helped establish health and literacy programs in Guatemala, Indonesia, Kenya, and Ethiopia as North Americas leading corporate sponsor. This long-term charity program has helped improve living conditions in the coffee-producing countries. Starbucks established a Code of Conduct policy, which is the first step in a long-term commitment to improving social conditions in the worlds coffee-growing nations in 1996. Starbucks joined an organization, TransFair, which is works for the rights of farmers. The efforts of the organization are driven towards ensuring that coffee farmers get a significant part of the amount ($1.26 a pound) paid by coffee roasters for coffee beans. Also, in 2002, the company purchased 150,000 pounds of coffee beans from a fair-trade Consortium of Coffee Cooperatives of Guanacaste and Montes de Oro in Costa Rica (COOCAFE). Starbucks also formed an alliance with eight companies to enable the gift of over 320,000 new books for children. Starbucks also doing recycle with controls waste removal (2,344 out of 3,192 stores), recycled at least one or more items, including cardboard, plastic, paper and organic wastes. Question 7 How does Starbucks market themselves? Starbucks market themselves as selling premium beverage to the consumer. Starbuck try to positioning their product as the attitude and personality of an individual but not only a product. Starbucks serves the product as a beverage that can relax consumer with the store environment and create experience and place that is refuge for individual to get away from everyday stress. Therefore, Starbuck come out with various flavours that can reflect the different moods as well as taste. Starbuck also market themselves as the American icon. This is because Starbucks target individual that are highly â€Å"Westernized† ideas and lifestyle it had adopted. Apart from this, Starbucks market themselves as a luxury beverage. This is because Starbucks stores are provide air-conditional facilities. Besides, Starbucks also use high quality coffee bean to provide the premium beverage. Starbucks coffee is a coffee that let individuals taste the greatest taste of the coffee and enjoy themselves. Question 8 What are some substitutes? Starbucks competitors are Spinelli, Suntec Dome Holdings, Coffee Club, Coffee Connection, and Burkes Coffee. Spinelli Coffee Company is a company licensed by Equinox. Equinox is a joint-venture between Golden Harvest, Singapore Technologies Industrial Corp. and Singapore Conglomerate. In addition, Spinelli also involve in setting up roasting factories to supply Asian market. Spinelli brings to Asia years of experience in sourcing, producing and selling premium coffee drinks and whole bean coffee. Dome Cafà © is on European lines. It was discovered by a Singaporean. Dome Cafà © is well-known for its distinctive sidewalk and atrium cafes. Dome Cafà © also serve light snack and full meals served all day. Suntec Dome Holding was formed in 1996. Ronald Lee and Sebastian Ong, the founders of Dome imported European-style Dome concept from Australia. There are roasting factories in Singapore and Australia. The strategy is to expand in several Asian countries in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong and China. Coffee Club established coffee trading company Hiang Kie. The bestselling product in Coffee Club is Iced Mocha Vanilla. In addition, Coffee Club serves light meals of cakes, salad, sandwiches and home-made ice cream. Coffee Connection started in the 1980s by Sarika Coffee. It is the mother ship of coffee bars, with sixty-nine different drinks ranging from cool coffee jelly to Blue Mountain Chaser. The bestselling product is Cappuccino Italia no. They also serve ice cream, pasta, pizza and focaccia sandwiches. The origin of Burkes Coffee are started from four Singaporean students who are studies in Seattle. Burkes Coffee is a Seattle-styled cafà ©. Burke has made a name as a friendly and inviting place in Singapore. The store has established a loyal customer base of young professionals who visit the store frequently. Burkes serve sandwiches, soups, and desserts. There are seven basic coffee drinks, plus twelve Italian syrups that can add on request. The best attraction of the coffeehouses is the Mocha Freeze and Hazelnut Latte. Question 9 How did they come up with the name Starbucks? Starbucks began in 1971 with three academics white collar. There are English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegel and a writer Gordon Bowker. There three partners shared a love of fine coffees and exotics teas. The name comes from Herman Melvilles Moby Dick, a classic American novel about the 19th century whaling industry. The seafaring name seems appropriate for a store that imports the worlds finest coffees to the cold, thirsty people of Seattle. Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker chose the name Starbucks in honour of Starbuck, the coffee-loving first mate in Herman MelvillesMoby Dick, and because they thought the name evoked the romance of the high seas and the seafaring tradition of the early coffee traders. The new companys logo, designed by an artist friend, was a two-tailed mermaid encircled by the stores name. Question 10 Why did Starbucks choose to enter a predominantly tea consuming market like China? Starbucks choose to enter a predominantly tea consuming market like China because it is probably easier to accelerate the sale of ones products in a market where demand already exists if compare with a market that has a large number of potential consumers and an emerging economy but low demand for the product. As China that fits the above description down to it being predominantly tea-consuming and one of the smallest coffee markets in the world. Apart from this, China has large geographic area with large population. Starbucks enter China because its company felt that China offered most potential market in Asia. According to one executive of Starbuck, Asian is a region which full of emerging markets since the consumer disposable income increase as country economics growth. China has the most population in Asia and China economic growth rapidly. Apart from this, people in China are open to Western lifestyle. Finally, coffee consumption growth rates in Southeast Asia are estimated to increase 20 % to 30 % yearly. Question 11 Why did Starbucks places its outlets in China in mainly commercial areas? Starbucks places its outlets in China in mainly commercial areas because individual living in urban areas are Western lifestyle adapted. Starbucks as American icon coffeehouses are highly recognize by individual living in commercial areas. Starbucks are identifying themselves a premium beverage seller with best quality of coffee bean. Thus, Starbucks couldnt sell their product with low price. The individual with higher disposable income are living in mainly in commercial areas. Individual in commercial area have higher purchase ability to do expense. Furthermore, Starbucks depend less domestic advertising but more promotion through discount coupon and visits, which draw first-time consumers.

Zinc and Hydrochloric acid :: essays research papers

Zinc and Hydrochloric-Acid Abstract: We observed the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid and recorded it in a table and learned wether the percentage of zinc is effected by the amounts of both substances added to the solution. Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the amount of zinc and hydrochloric acid will effect the percentage of the zinc in the out coming solution. We are reacting zinc metal with hydrochloric acid to produce a compound of zinc and chlorine atoms. We are then recording our data and observations and place it in a logical data table. Purpose The whole purpose of this experiment is to determine wether or not the amount of the zinc and or hydrochloric acid effects the out coming percent of the solution after under going chemical reaction. Procedure $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Weigh the zinc metal pieces and place them in a test tube $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Pour some hydrochloric acid over the zinc pieces. Observe $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3. Allow the zinc d hydrochloric acid to set over night to make sure that the reaction reaches completion. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4. Weigh a clean dry evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5. Decant the liquid remaining in your test tube into the evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6. Pour 2-3 ml distilled or de-ionized water into test tube and rinse any remaining zinc with water and decant the water into the evaporating dish also. If you have no remaining zinc pieces, rinse the test tube and decant the liquid into the dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7. Heat the evaporating dish until there is no more liquid remaining in the dish. The solid remaining will have a puffy and waxy look. Do not overheat but remove from the hot plate and turn off the heat source because the product has a relatively low melting point and it will melt and evaporate away in a white cloud $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8. When th evaporating dish has cooled sufficiently, weigh the dish with its contents. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9. Clean up by washing and drying your evaporating dish. $  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10. Calculate and report your % zinc in the compound to your teacher for comparison with other lab groups. Data and Observations I observed that as the chemicals reacted together in the test tube the solution began to create bubbles while the zinc rested at the bottom and then the test tube became hot to the touch from the chemical reaction.

Awakening: the Role Model

In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, Edna Pontellier continuously struggles with breaking the social norms that are imposed upon her by the people around her including her own friends and husband. Throughout the novel, Edna is able to detach herself from the lifestyle that society appoints her by emulating Mademoiselle Reisz, an independent woman who has lived her life without conforming to society. Mademoiselle Reisz is not only a model for Edna’s awakening, but she also represents the freedom and individuality that Enda wishes she could attain.Through imitating Reisz, Enda realizes the woman she is capable of becoming, but later learns that she cannot truly be an independent woman because of her differences from Mademoiselle Reisz. The relationship between Edna and Reisz is constructed on the artistic connection between the two character’s. Enda, a painter, is very fond of Reisz’s musical talent. Edna specifically likes one of Reisz’s songs that she ca lls â€Å"solitude. † Chopin writes, â€Å"The name of the piece was something else, but she called it ‘Solitude. When she heard it there came before her imagination the figure of a man standing beside a desolate rock on the seashore. He was naked. His attitude was one of hopeless resignation as he looked toward a distant bird winging its flight away from him† (38). This is what the relationship between Edna and Reisz is built on. Not only is it the artistic connection, but it is also the desire to be an individual that brings the two together. The song portrays an almost a vivid painting in the mind of Enda, the form of art that she enjoys.This particularly touches her because even though it is a different form of art, Edna still is able to understand and interpret it. In her mind, Reisz’s song leaves her with the sensation of being alone and free, a feeling that Edna longs to have for herself. The sea, which resembles freedom and knowledge throughout the novel is placed as an obstacle for the man who can only look at the bird that can go the other way and fly over the water.The â€Å"resignation† that the man and Edna feel are both in response to the way that they cannot free themselves completely from the land they are on, which can be understood as society itself, unlike the bird that they have to watch simply fly the other way. From this interaction between the two, it is apparent that Edna’s relationship with Mademoiselle Reisz is based on the two understanding each other through them both being artists. Alongside of their artistic connection, Edna Pontellier looks up to Mademoiselle Reisz as the woman she aspires to be.Enda wants to be an independent artist that is a maverick among the conventional people in the society just like Reisz is. This is evident in how the two characters interact. Chopin writes, â€Å"When Mademoiselle Reisz came and touched her upon the shoulder and spoke to her, the woman seemed to e cho the thought which was ever in Edna’s mind; or, better, the feeling which constantly possessed her† (69). Edna is figuratively and literally touched by Reisz in this moment. Edna wishes to be free and give up the all of the responsibilities she has a a woman.She does not want to be in the â€Å"habit† of doing all the social responsibilities that are placed upon women. Reisz echoes the freedom that Edna wishes she had by touching her and almost giving her that independence she yearns for. We can see how Edna struggles on the inside with wanting to be free and independent from how the narrator refers to it as a â€Å"feeling which constantly possessed her. † The possession shows how Edna does not have control over this feeling and she will always want to be a free individual.Reisz communicates to Edna that it is possible break the social standards by touching her and telling her that it is possible to be different because Reisz has done it herself. The c onnection between the two in this passage is one that is very much one that is mutual and close. Mademoiselle Reisz provides Edna with enlightenment that â€Å"possesse[s] her,† while Edna gives â€Å"the most disagreeable and unpopular woman† a true friendship in a society that is bias against independent women who defy the social convention. Reisz once again touches Edna similarly to how she had earlier on in the novel.Chopin writes, â€Å"She put her arms around me and felt my shoulder blades, to see if my wings were strong, she said. ‘The bird that would soar above the level plain of tradition and prejudice must have strong wings. It is a sad spectacle to see the weaklings bruised, exhausted, fluttering back to earth† (p. 127). Similar to the man from the song that wishes that he had wings like the bird to be free. Edna’s wings that she can use overcome the tradition and prejudice of society are being checked by Mademoiselle Reisz to see if she is strong enough to fly on her own. In addition, Edna s reached out to by Reisz and is comforted by her knowledge on how to be an individual. Edna wants to be free and is happy to relieved by the fact that Reisz is there to help her. Although Reisz is there to help Edna, Reisz also does think it is a shame if Edna were to fail in obtaining her independence. Mademoiselle Reisz calls it a spectacle which makes those who fail look ridiculous or like a fool. She is also telling Edna if she doesn’t succeed that she will make herself a spectacle that the entire tradition on the ground, society, is going to see her fall as she makes herself look like a fool.We can also see that Edna does enjoy the presence of Resiz although it may be hard on her at times. Chopin writes, â€Å"There was nothing which so quieted the turmoil of Edna’s senses as visit to Mademoiselle Reisz. It was then, in the presence of that personality which was offensive to her, that the woman, by her divine art, seemed to reach Edna’s spirit and set it free† (p. 120). At this point, Edna Pontellier feels as if the personality of Reisz, which she seems to envy because of its complete freedom, is the only thing that â€Å"reach[es] Edna’s spirit and set[s] it free. Edna’s world that is filled with struggle to be independent can only be calmed by the presence of her role model and deity, Mademoiselle Reisz. Since the relationship between Edna and Reisz is clearly one based on being independent women in a society that is prejudice against those whom that contravene the societal laws, the Edna’s life and suicide can be understood with more lucidity. Edna’s life through the novel is incontrovertibly a mimic of the life of Mademoiselle Reisz. Since Reisz is the independent and free woman Edna strives to be, Edna simply follows all the things that Reisz does.Edna returns back to painting{what does she want from painting}, she no longer â€Å"go[es] t hrough the daily treadmill of the life which has been portioned out to us,’ and she no longer let’s society command her what to do. Even though Edna is a free and independent woman by following the lifestyle of her counterpart, Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna struggles to be completely free. She still has to deal with the return of her husband and most importantly living with her children. This struggle makes the seemingly independent woman, Edna, ultimately commit suicide.Although Edna is fulfilled by her ability to initially take flight, gain freedom, Edna is just like â€Å"weaklings bruised, exhausted, fluttering back to earth† (p. 127). Because Edna’s wings are weak she is unable to fly and be free. This is because of the burden on her placed by her family. With Robert’s return, Edna again begins to feel the societal pressures that were absent while Robert was in Mexico. Edna is pressured into falling backing into â€Å"the daily treadmill of lifeâ €  because of her husband. This is one reason that she deicides to discontinue her life.Unlike Mademoiselle Reisz, Edna has a spouse whereas Reisz does not have a spouse that pressures her into conforming to society. Therefore Edna’s independence is challenged in her own home unlike Reisz whom is free to do as she wishes. Alongside of not having a spouse, Reisz does not have to worry about children dissimilar to Edna. This is key in understanding Edna’s suicide because of the extent to which he children were a major component in her deciding to give up her life. Reisz does not have to worry about children so she is much more capable of being a free woman. On the other hand, Edna has to take care of her children.This makes a major difference for Edna because her children will most likely be affected by society’s thoughts and opinions on their mother. Her children, the only people who should be able to love her unconditionally, will have to ultimately ostracize their mother if she was to be an independent woman. Edna also gives her life because she does not want to burden her own offspring with society’s judgement and beliefs of their own mother. In conclusion, Edna is weak considering that she is unable to remain an independent women and that she decides to end her life instead of taking power over her life.By submitting to death, Edna loses to society and ends her life for the interest of her children. Because she conforms in the end to what society wants her to do, take care of her children, Edna’s death can be considered as a defeat. Mademoiselle Ratignolle, the prime example of someone that conforms to society expectations and beliefs, says that women should give their lives for their children. Edna does exactly that and therefore is not only weak, but dies as a woman with no independence or freedom.

Free Essays on Art-Ahdaf Soeuif-

â€Å"A Reflection in the Looking Glass: A Parallel with the Past† An analytical analysis of Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun Universally and historically female writers have addressed issues regarding their female sexuality and women’s role in society, per their cultural norms. Since this has long been the case many cultural norms and mores have been introduced to other societies. For instance, Gabrielle Colette’s The Vagabond forces readers to view the main character’s struggle with her own sexual identity in addition to grappling with her own views of what a â€Å"proper woman† should do and not do within her surrounding society. In doing so, the reader must come to grips with a side of France that had not and is not typically discussed; the vaudeville lifestyle. Ahdaf Soueif addresses this issue, as well. The main character of In the Eye of the Sun, Asya, struggles with her own sexual identity while trying to wrestle with her instilled cultural criteria. Her ethnic background pushes her towards finding and obtaining an â€Å"ideal lifestyle,† which includes a bread-winning husband and a â€Å"baby on one arm† (Soueif, 529). Soueif apparently looks to historical fiction writing that parallels with social female issues. Her book, Eye in the Sun, includes a story pulled straight from a nineteenth or early twentieth century novel penned by a female. These periods embodied extreme separation of gendered identities and domains. Romantic novels tended to make the contrast between the domestic enclosure of women - their spatial and social immobility - and the mobility of men central to the narrative. The heroine/ main character lingers, dreams and hopes - the hero (man unattainable) has an active life, occupies some place in the public world, and must be drawn into the private world of feeling if her happiness is to be achieved. This particular convention is shown throughout Soueif’s novel via Asy... Free Essays on Art-Ahdaf Soeuif- Free Essays on Art-Ahdaf Soeuif- â€Å"A Reflection in the Looking Glass: A Parallel with the Past† An analytical analysis of Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun Universally and historically female writers have addressed issues regarding their female sexuality and women’s role in society, per their cultural norms. Since this has long been the case many cultural norms and mores have been introduced to other societies. For instance, Gabrielle Colette’s The Vagabond forces readers to view the main character’s struggle with her own sexual identity in addition to grappling with her own views of what a â€Å"proper woman† should do and not do within her surrounding society. In doing so, the reader must come to grips with a side of France that had not and is not typically discussed; the vaudeville lifestyle. Ahdaf Soueif addresses this issue, as well. The main character of In the Eye of the Sun, Asya, struggles with her own sexual identity while trying to wrestle with her instilled cultural criteria. Her ethnic background pushes her towards finding and obtaining an â€Å"ideal lifestyle,† which includes a bread-winning husband and a â€Å"baby on one arm† (Soueif, 529). Soueif apparently looks to historical fiction writing that parallels with social female issues. Her book, Eye in the Sun, includes a story pulled straight from a nineteenth or early twentieth century novel penned by a female. These periods embodied extreme separation of gendered identities and domains. Romantic novels tended to make the contrast between the domestic enclosure of women - their spatial and social immobility - and the mobility of men central to the narrative. The heroine/ main character lingers, dreams and hopes - the hero (man unattainable) has an active life, occupies some place in the public world, and must be drawn into the private world of feeling if her happiness is to be achieved. This particular convention is shown throughout Soueif’s novel via Asy...

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required

The Best Health Care Jobs in California With No 4 Year Degree Required California is expected to have a pretty large shortage of health care workers by 2025. Many of these positions are a lower level that does not require a bachelor’s degree. So whether you’re looking to fall into the health care industry or you’re already firmly entrenched in it, Cali may be a great place for you to find a health care job, especially if you only have your associates degree.Here are some of the best jobs health care jobs in California for people without a bachelor’s degree. You can refer to the infographic for more information.1.  Diagnostic Medical Sonographer  2.  Registered Nurse3.  Medical Assistant4.  Medical Billing Specialist  5.  Pharmacy Technician  6.  Respiratory Therapist  7.  Surgical TechnologistSource: [sjvc.edu]

GT3 essays

GT3 essays Specific Purpose: I wish to provide several facts about the 2004 Porsche 911 GT3. Thesis: The 2004 Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance sports car for sports car purists. The 2004 Porsche 911 GT3 is a high-performance sports car for sports car purists. Its a sports car for the sports car purist because its got everything you need, and nothing you dont. The 2004 Porsche 911 GT3 is a car that has been acclaimed as the Porsche for purists. A purist is someone who holds the performance of his or her car above all. A purist doesnt care about: A purist only cares about pure performance and performance in general. The GT3 differs from the other 911 models significantly. It is the product of half a century of Porsche involvement in motorsport. Porsches racecar engineers designed this vehicle with track use in mind. In order for a car to be successful on the track, if needs several key ingredients. It needs to be fast and agile. The GT3 meets these requirements with so much ease. In order it be fast and agile - The GT3 is a lightened version of the 911 Turbo. The back seat has been removed. The heavy AWD drive train has been replaced by much lighter RW drive system. The Interior was redesigned for a more simplistic look, and they used lightweight components to make up the equipment. All of these combine together for a terrific display of weight reduction, and the lighter the car, they less work the engine does to accelerate it. - In order to be fast. The 911 GT3 boasts a 3.6-liter, six-cylinder horizontally opposed engine, rated at 380 (SAE) horsep ...

The Technique of Sampling in Music and Notions of Authorship Essay

The Technique of Sampling in Music and Notions of Authorship - Essay Example The credit for having composed the piece of music that was borrowed may or may not be explicitly given to the person who had originally composed it. This technique offends the sacrosanct position that music is given in the lives of many. Issues of plagiarism arise and royalties are almost never offered to the composer of the original tune. This leads to many problems within the music industry as well. Sampling is a technique whereby a part of a certain recording is used as a part of another song that may be the composition of an entirely different person who is then the ‘author’ of that particular song. The extensive use of this song and the attitude of its author shall also form a part of the analysis in this paper that shall attempt to dissect the issues of ownership that this song and the technique of sampling destabilize. The metaphorical death of the author that Roland Barthes talks of in his essay, The Death of the Author is one that can be seen in the extensive us e of the technique of sampling in the music of today. A particular portion of a song may be used in another as a part of it. The now ubiquitous discotheque where tunes and songs are mixed and remixed are places that question the notions of ownership that artists may raise when their tunes are being reworked. In today’s world, however, exclusive ownership of a work of art is impractical and is not enjoyed by anybody. A shared ownership of the music or any other work of art that is all that an artist can expect. This is tied in with several notions of authorship that have emerged in the modern world. In his seminal essay that was referred to earlier, Barthes talks of how the interpretation that a reader provides a text is what provides the text with its meaning (2004). The meaning that the author intended for a text only forms one of the many meanings that may be attributed to a text. The creation of meaning and essence, the till then inalienable right of the author and owner o f a text, thus passed on to the person who received the text. A piece of music is according to modern theorists, a cultural text that allows for multiple interpretations. The theory that applied to traditional texts, that is, books, would thus be applicable also to music. Music videos and recordings are thus texts that are able to elicit multiple interpretations from its audience. The destabilization of the roles of authors thus extends also to the authors of these cultural texts, musicians. The creation of these new roles for the audience and the artists is a modern phenomenon. The modern age is characterized by the rise of science and technology and it is widely agreed upon that technology has had a great part to play in the way the modern age functions. The technique of sampling is a very good example to prove this point. The technique of sampling makes the ‘primary text’, the original recording, available to the world to twist into any shape that it wants to. Each v ersion or song that features a portion of the original song can then be considered to be an interpretation of the original by the person who creates the new version. As Andrew Goodwin puts it, in â€Å"an age of electronic reproduction†

Golden Temple (Amritsar, India) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Golden Temple (Amritsar, India) - Research Paper Example History of the Golden Temple The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib which stands for the Temple of God, is regarded as one of the holiest places in the world and the holiest shrine in Sikhism. It is situated in Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is located at 31.620045Â ° N, 74.876397Â ° E. Amritsar means ‘Pool of Nectar of Immorality’; this was from a tank that was excavated by the fourth guru of Sikhism in 1577 CE who was later called Amritsar, thus, the name of the city which grew around it (Pletcher, 129). In the process, Harmandir Sahib, an impressive house meant to be the abode of God, grew at the centre of this tank becoming a supreme venue of Sikhism. Civilization during the construction of the Golden Temple This structure was erected in the late 16th century under the governance of the forth and fifth gurus. It was constructed under very strict supervision of the authority that had very great influence on the public works at the time. Construction of the Ha rmandir Sahib The construction of the Golden Temple started in 1574 at a site surrounded by a small lake in some thin forest; the land was donated by the Mughal emperor Akbar, the third of the six Mughals, who was so impressed with the lifestyle in the town that as a result gave a parcel of land and revenues of quite a number of villages in the area. Guru Ram Das expanded the lake and constructed a small town surrounding it which he later named after Guru Ram Das as Guru Ka Chak. Between 1581 and 1606, the construction of the full-fledged gurdwara (temple) was done under the leadership of the fifth guru, Guru Arjan Dev (Brockman, 189). The initiation of the construction of the temple was done by Hazrat Mian Mir who laid the first foundation stone in December 1588 CE. Construction was complete by 1601 but refurbishment and decoration continued over the years up to about 1604. Installation of the Guru Granth Sahib was done in the 1660s. In the middle of the eighteenth century, the tem ple was attacked by some Afghans who were later killed by the Sikh army. The temple had to be reconstructed in the year 1760. Size of the Golden Temple The 40.5 square feet temple was constructed on a 67 feet square platform which is centrally located at the Sarovar tank. It has four doors in the four directions; to the East, West, South and North. It has an arch which located at the shore end of the causeway with door frames measuring eight feet, six inches in breadth by ten feet high. It has artistic decorations at the door panes which open to the bridge and walkway leading to the main structure of the Temple. The bridge is with a circumambulatory path which is thirteen feet wide. This path that leads to Har ki Paure, the steps of God, runs round the main place of pilgrimage. The main building of the Sri Harmandir Sahib, a three storied structure, is 202 feet in length and 21 feet in width. Whole of this structure is technically functional. The first floor has its roof at a height of 26 feet and 9 inches with a front decorated with repetition of cusped arches. The Temple has a four feet parapet rising all round the sides with four Mamtees at all the four corners. The third storey rises exactly on top of the central of the main sanctuary. This small square room with three gates holds a regular recitation of Guru Granth Sahib. A low fluted Gumbaz which has a lotus petal motif in relief at the base and an inverted lotus at the top supporting the Kalash is held up on top of this room.

International security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International security - Research Paper Example Cyber attacks can be stated as anonymous and is launched from various sources across the globe. Impacts might be obvious and immediate, or subtle and dormant, eluding recognition for past many years. Cyber warfare results into high degree of damage ranging from personal systems to destruction of critical infrastructures. The growth of cyber threats is greatly affecting each and every individual. International security is closely knitted with the approach of cyber warfare. The vulnerability aspect is enhanced due to global dependence on technology. Increased connectivity has even facilitated security threats worldwide. Developing a comprehensive and effective national cyber security would help to counter such threats. Internet’s global expansion is considered to be the most powerful revolution in technological field. There are positive aspects related to internet growth which deals with rapid transmission of data. It can be stated that Internet has skyrocketed to 17 billion fro m 16 million. In modern world every business operations is based on advanced technology. Data transmission is a major aspect in business world but cyber warfare leads to exploitation of data. This study shall highlight different methods related to hacking procedure and its impact on various organizations. The research study would not only outline negative implications of cyber attacks but will also take into consideration different approaches that are used to prevent such attacks. A theoretical background encompassing concept of cyber warfare would reflect upon the motives behind such attacks and incorporation to growth journey of these crimes. Analytical opinions will also be included in this study in order to determine the impact caused on firms or countries due to such attacks and precautionary measures adopted to safeguard themselves from such attacks. The entire study will be based on secondary research since expert’s opinions are essential for this form of analytical st udy. The

Group papers feedback Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group papers feedback - Assignment Example The group also provided in the appendix their workings and the financial information of their firm. Their introduction and conclusion are clear and easy to relate to the body. It is easy to understand the operations of GoPro by going through this work. The group worked on the United Therapeutics Corporation. The group outlined their work in a form of topics. Use of graphs and tables to represent their data is appealing and enables the reader to understand the performance at a glance. The introduction and conclusion are well outlined. They also highlighted their topics making it easy for the reader. Unlike group, they failed to provide detailed information that is useful for analysis. The group however did a recommendable work especially on providing their investment recommendations to the investors. Their positive approach in analyzing the company is also appealing and makes the reader concentrate on the positive side of the company. The group worked on Allied Nevada Gold Corporation. The group managed to get information from NASDAQ that they included in their work, and this makes it easy for the reader to read. They also interpreted their data. Their work is well outlined. They however provided a lot of the companys background information which limited them from critically analyzing the firm. The group provided the financial ratios in the Appendix, but unlike group 6 and five failed to show how these ratios are gotten or their interpretations. The group majorly concentrated on comparing the firm with others in the industry that brings out the negative part of the company. The group does not recommend investors to invest in the firm due to the uncertainties. This has a negative impact on the firms operations as it scares away investors. The group worked on JetBlue. They provided their information in tables that are appealing to the readers. Unlike group 2 and 3,

Process Quality Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process Quality Engineering - Essay Example Process Quality Engineering The expectations and needs of the consumers must be met to acquire the quality status. Quality can be checked through customer satisfaction and statistical analysis. Quality can also be measured through efficiency. Efficiency is examined by evaluating the resources such as land, labor, and machines. A decrease in labor, variation, and warrant costs are an indication good quality in the products. Managers oversee the functioning and processes within the company. They control all components in the company including the workers. Although they control everything within the company, it is not necessarily that they are involved in everything. The managers interact and consider the employees’ suggestions and ideas. When total quality management is implemented well, sales increase and the quality improves because employees are aware of their duties. The five s housekeeping technique is crucial as its values of orderliness and standardization help enhance employees’ productivity and guiding them. Management increases efficiency and quality in everything in a short period. Cleaning improves sanity and safety that reduces accidents within the production process. Self-discipline ensures that employees remain faithful to their duties and improve the image of the company. Improving the standards of the company requires a set of ethics and rules to be established which the employees can follow. Ethics and rules put the management and employees in the same level which eliminates various problems.

The Relationship between Social Media and Brand Management Dissertation

The Relationship between Social Media and Brand Management - Dissertation Example Hence, it is noteworthy that social media has become one of the key business communication tools, which has helped modern organizations to promote their brands worldwide. On the other hand, the online marketing concept has triggered impressive transformations, especially in the domain of brand management, thereby eliminating the risks inherent to the traditional marketing concept (Brindle, 2011). Â  The use of social media for brand management was also considered quite helpful for both the customers as well as for the company, owing to its ability to target customers in clusters and reach them with efficiency, within a very short time span. It is also noteworthy that the brand image of a company is perceived as one of the most valuable assets in the modern day context. This particular assertion becomes quite apparent with reference to the strategies applied by Alibaba Group to promote its brand in a popular Chinese social media named Sina Weibo. Alibaba Group is noted as one of the most popular Chinese e-commerce retail outlets, which deals in all kinds of products. Prior to the inception of social media, brand managers engaged in different companies followed various marketing communication strategies, such as storytelling, aggressive and frequent advertisement as well as newsletter distribution to the customers. In this regard, it can be mentioned that the traditional metho ds of brand promotion were less cost-efficient in comparison to the modern brand promotion strategies, which certainly raises a noteworthy challenge to modern organizations. However, the advent of online brand management strategy has proved cost efficient as well as less time-consuming in nature to mitigate previous stress factors associated to company’s customer relationship strategies through brand management (Jenkinson et. al., 2005). Â  

Group papers feedback Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group papers feedback - Assignment Example The group also provided in the appendix their workings and the financial information of their firm. Their introduction and conclusion are clear and easy to relate to the body. It is easy to understand the operations of GoPro by going through this work. The group worked on the United Therapeutics Corporation. The group outlined their work in a form of topics. Use of graphs and tables to represent their data is appealing and enables the reader to understand the performance at a glance. The introduction and conclusion are well outlined. They also highlighted their topics making it easy for the reader. Unlike group, they failed to provide detailed information that is useful for analysis. The group however did a recommendable work especially on providing their investment recommendations to the investors. Their positive approach in analyzing the company is also appealing and makes the reader concentrate on the positive side of the company. The group worked on Allied Nevada Gold Corporation. The group managed to get information from NASDAQ that they included in their work, and this makes it easy for the reader to read. They also interpreted their data. Their work is well outlined. They however provided a lot of the companys background information which limited them from critically analyzing the firm. The group provided the financial ratios in the Appendix, but unlike group 6 and five failed to show how these ratios are gotten or their interpretations. The group majorly concentrated on comparing the firm with others in the industry that brings out the negative part of the company. The group does not recommend investors to invest in the firm due to the uncertainties. This has a negative impact on the firms operations as it scares away investors. The group worked on JetBlue. They provided their information in tables that are appealing to the readers. Unlike group 2 and 3,

The Relationship between Social Media and Brand Management Dissertation

The Relationship between Social Media and Brand Management - Dissertation Example Hence, it is noteworthy that social media has become one of the key business communication tools, which has helped modern organizations to promote their brands worldwide. On the other hand, the online marketing concept has triggered impressive transformations, especially in the domain of brand management, thereby eliminating the risks inherent to the traditional marketing concept (Brindle, 2011). Â  The use of social media for brand management was also considered quite helpful for both the customers as well as for the company, owing to its ability to target customers in clusters and reach them with efficiency, within a very short time span. It is also noteworthy that the brand image of a company is perceived as one of the most valuable assets in the modern day context. This particular assertion becomes quite apparent with reference to the strategies applied by Alibaba Group to promote its brand in a popular Chinese social media named Sina Weibo. Alibaba Group is noted as one of the most popular Chinese e-commerce retail outlets, which deals in all kinds of products. Prior to the inception of social media, brand managers engaged in different companies followed various marketing communication strategies, such as storytelling, aggressive and frequent advertisement as well as newsletter distribution to the customers. In this regard, it can be mentioned that the traditional metho ds of brand promotion were less cost-efficient in comparison to the modern brand promotion strategies, which certainly raises a noteworthy challenge to modern organizations. However, the advent of online brand management strategy has proved cost efficient as well as less time-consuming in nature to mitigate previous stress factors associated to company’s customer relationship strategies through brand management (Jenkinson et. al., 2005). Â  

Physics of an Amusement Park Ocean Park Essay Example for Free

Physics of an Amusement Park Ocean Park Essay Introduction On Friday 20th, February 2004, my physics class and I went to the amusement park Ocean Park for my physics visit coursework. While there, I observed many attractions which had an appreciable amount of physics related aspects included with it. Two attractions I found most appealing were the Atoll Reef and The Dragon. The two aspects The Atoll Reef is Ocean Parks fish aquarium, the attraction which draws the largest amount of spectators. The aquarium is the home of many tropical fishes, endangered, rare and normal, giving them a habitat where they can safely live without the threat of predators. Apart from letting the public view their collection of different fish, Ocean Park tries to educate the visitors about respecting the environment and saving endangered species. Aspects related to physics I could discuss regarding the Atoll Reef are: the energy required to heat the water in the aquarium to a safe, uniform temperature for the fish to live in, the pressure exerted by the water on to the glass panel, the Youngs modulus of the panel, and why that kind of glass was chosen for its material properties. The Dragon is Ocean Parks first ever built roller coaster. Roller coasters are essential to every amusement park because its the majority of peoples favorite ride; the high speed, steep drops, thrilling loops, and unexpected dips cant be beat. So, to meet popular demand, and incase not having a roller coaster causes not enough visitors to go to Ocean Park, thus effecting profit, Ocean Park built The Dragon. Aspects of physics related to The Dragon are: the conservation of energy with gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy, the different accelerations a passenger experiences, and the centripetal force of the roller coaster car when it is on a loop. Single aspect with physics principles discussed in detail I chose to discuss the water pressure exerted on the glass at the Atoll Reef. The aquarium has a circular cross-section with a radius of 10 meters, and a depth of 9 meters. It consists of 3 viewing levels for visitors: ground level, Lower 1 (L1), and Lower 2 (L2). The panels are 2 meters high each and each level is separated by 1 meter of concrete ground. As there are three different levels, the pressure is different for each level, resulting to panels of different thickness. On ground level, the glass is 2.54 cm (1 inch) thick, 5.08 cm (2 inches) thick on L1, and 7.62 cm (3 inches) thick on L2. The increasing thickness of the glass panels which are placed lower is due to the increasing pressure of water as you get deeper into the water. Without the right thickness of glass, the difference of pressure outside the aquarium and inside the aquarium might cause the less thick glass panel to crack, endangering both the fish and visitors. The glass must be able to exert an equal and opposite force to keep in equilibrium. The maximum force the glass can withstand must be around 10 times more than its usual load for obvious safety reasons; visitor like children hitting the glass panel, fish hitting the panel, and other unusual accidents which might occur which results to the glass panel withstanding an extra force. I am modeling this problem with air pressure and water pressure acting oppositely each others as vectors. I will work out the pressure on the very bottom of the panel of each level, which means I am using the depth readings 2 m, 5 m, and 8 m. I believe the glass of the aquarium is made of silica (SiO2), which has a Youngs Modulus of 94 GPa. P = gph Where P is the pressure exerted, g is gravitational acceleration, p is the density of the liquid, and h is the depth. Pressure at ground level: P = 9.8 x 1000 x 2 P = 1.96 x 104 Pa (2 s.f.) Pressure at L1: P = 9.8 x 1000 x 5 P = 4.9 x 104 Pa (2 s.f.) Pressure at L2: P = 9.8 x 1000 x 8 P = 7.84 x 104 Pa (2 s.f.) Now that we have the pressure exerted on the glass, we can work out by how much the glass is compressed by using Youngs Modulus. Using the information that the area of the glass is 2 x 1: For ground level: Youngs Modulus = Stress / Strain ?l / l = Stress / Youngs Modulus ?l / 0.0251 = (1.96 x 104 / 2) / 9.4 x 1010 ?l = 2.6 x 10-9 m (2 s.f.) For L1: l / l = Stress / Youngs Modulus l / 0.0508 = (4.9 x 104 / 2) / 9.4 x 1010 l = 1.3 x 10-8 m (2 s.f.) For L2: l / l = Stress / Youngs Modulus l / 0.0762 = (7.84 x 104 / 2) / 9.4 x 1010 l = 3.2 x 10-8 m (2 s.f.) As you can see, because of silica glass being a strong, hard and inelastic material, the ?l is negligible. There is not yet enough force to even take the glass towards its height of elastic regime, which is an advantage because it wouldnt be safe if it was. Other materials which constructors would have thought about using might have been using yet another material which is colourless and transparent, like plastic. But plastic isnt as strong, even if it may be cheaper. The downside of glass is when glass shatters, it breaks into random shards due to its random molecular structure. The limitation to using silica glass is the aquarium cannot be built much deep, because the glass would reach its elastic limit and shatter. There is not yet a material stronger than glass which has the same properties as glass made yet, so silica is the best material available. I think a development to the silica glass panels is the have them laminated. A laminated silica glass panels is having a sheet of pure plastic between two sides of silica glass. This is commonly used by car manufacturers to create a cars windshield which doesnt shatter when smashed. This wont increase the panels Youngs Modulus much, but it does increase safety by far. Another use of working out the pressure and Youngs Modulus of a material can be applied on the engines of vehicles. Fuel pipes, air pipes, and the cylinder where the combustions take place, are all under very high pressures when working. In that context, we can also work out the pressure exerted on the cylinder and pipes, and use this information, along with the Youngs Modulus and properties of materials, to work out which materials and of what thickness is needed to make a safe and powerful engine. Bibliography http://www.hk-phy.org/oceanpark/ http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph11e/hydrostpr.htm http://www.mse.cornell.edu/courses/engri111/modulus.htm

Reflective Report On Experiences Working As A Midwife

Reflective Report On Experiences Working As A Midwife While I was on my first placement in semester one as a student midwife, I met many pregnant women, both within the community and in the hospital with different cultural backgrounds. For this essay which is a reflective essay, I have chosen to write about a pregnant lady and, in order to protect her confidentiality, according to the Nursing and Midwiferys Code of Conduct (NMC 2008), I will refer to her as Zara. In this reflection, I am going to use Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle. This encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, and analysis to make sense of the experience and an action plan to examine what to be done if the situation arose again. Description of the event: My placement at the time was on the midwifery led unit in the hospital of my Trust, and on the day in question, I was on an early shift and, when I arrived, my mentor and I went in to Zaras room and introduced ourselves. Zara was in pain and her husband was also present in the room. My mentor tried to placate her down by talking to her but, because Zara did not understand English, she looked more worried and was looking at her husband to explain it to her. Her husband did not understand much either so my mentor suggested a translator but they refused it. We took her notes away, went in to the office and read through them so that we could plan her care according to her needs. Zara was in her early thirties and unemployed. This was her twelfth pregnancy, she has had six miscarriages, two stillbirths and three live children. All of her births were done by caesarean section including this one .This was because Zara was unable to give birth naturally due to her being a victim of female ge nital mutilation (FGM). They were also requesting female only care providers and doctors due to them being Muslims. Zara had also not attended many of her antenatal appointments because according to Currer (1991) antenatal care among Muslim mothers was not seeing important they view pregnancy as a normal condition. Prior taking Zara into the theatre to have her caesarean, my mentor explained the procedure to the husband and he translated to the wife. They signed all the relevant papers but Zara looked worried. I could tell they did not understand everything but to my surprise, they did not ask any questions, but they did not want a translator. After a while the anaesthetist came to give Zara the epidural, and it was a male. As soon as Zaras husband saw that, he placed his hand on Zaras shoulder and did not want it to let go. The staff was becoming very annoyed and frustrated because they kept telling him do not put your hand there, the procedure of the epidural has to be 100% sterile but he did not understand that. I stepped in because I still remembered when I had to learn English and I knew the word choice was difficult for them and it has to be relevant to their knowledge of English. I said to Zaras husband no hand, bacteria, no good for Zara and I was also demonstrated it with my hands and face. He understood and said ok but I could still see that he was not comfortable. Finally the anaesthetist got the epidural in and we took Zara to theatre to deliver her baby along with her husband. When arriving to theatre, I tried to catheterise Zara but could not do it due to her genital area being completely sawn up, so the doctor had to intervene. Zaras husband was standing by her legs and the staff tried to move him to top of the bed but said that he wanted to see what we were doing to Zara and that he was going to stay there. After a long discussion and explanations, he finally moved. Zara and baby were being monitored and by this time the babys heart was not picking up and we had to act fast. The doctor then cut Zaras abdominal to deliver the baby but meconium was gushing out instead. I run to call the paediatrician. The baby was floppy and there were no sign of life. Zara was asking why the baby was not crying and the husband looked very worried. Reassured them and explain ed that, when babies are born in meconium, they will need extra care and attention. The baby was now on the resuscitaire and the doctors was doing all they could to take out the meconium from the babys mouth and nose, and rubbing the baby to promote. After a little while, the baby started to cry and we all let a relieved breath out. I took the baby and showed it to the parents and explained that the baby had to go to special care unit to ensure that everything was fine. Zara was doing well, and after a couple hours we transferred her and her husband to the postnatal ward. Feelings: In this paragraph, I will discuss my feelings and thinking surrounding Zaras situation and the care she received from the medical staff. I empathized with Zara and her husband because they could not speak English, Zara endured many pregnancies and which of some had ended up in miscarriages and stillbirths and was naturally worried about the wellbeing of this baby. Because of Zaras and her husbands limited English and their cultural background, caring for them was more difficult and the medical staff was getting very impatient and irritated with them. I knew I could help both the staff and Zara and her husband. I tried to build up a good relationship with them by doing a proper introduction of myself, where I was from and to try to put them at ease. I still remember how difficult it was being in a new country with different cultures. My first attempt was to ask if necessary, whether it will be acceptable if the doctor were male and I explained the procedure in a way they could underst and, I was acting as an intermediary between them and the medical staff throughout. I did not speak their language but because I was explaining as simply as possible, they became very comfortable with me and trusted me. I really felt useful and helpful as they responded to me as I put myself in their shoes and remembered how it was when I was new in this country. According to Wold (2004) the empathetic listening is in relation to the willingness to know the other individual not just judging the persons statement. I then stood by Zaras bed and when needed, I used some facial expressions and hand gestures which could be translated to if she were still feeling pain in her tummy and if felt sensation in her legs. I was also using simple words. She looked at me and smiled and point where she could still feel. I was unsure whether to continue or not because I felt the medical staff might think I was not being professional, but according to Funnell et al, (2005) body gestures and facial ex pressions are referred as a non-verbal communicating. So I continued because I knew that would help Zaras family. The language and cultural barrier affected the care Zara was receiving because the staff was not communicating with them and did not appreciate that good explanation were essential for this family with their particular circumstances of limited English and understanding. During the procedure, I stayed by Zara and kept my eye contact with her because according to Wilma (1999) direct eye contact could express a sense of interest in the other person. Zara was holding my hands and I was updating her whenever she was asking for it. Evaluation: I feel I made the right decision to accompany Zara. Furthermore, I could develop my caring role for clients by understanding that they all will have different needs and will require different care. I think my approach with Zara and her husband was a good approach. The staff and Zara did benefit from my effort. It was also my responsibility to care for her so that she was getting the best care and understood what was done to her. I was able to improve my non-verbal communication skills in my conversation with Zara and her husband during my time with them and I know they were now getting the necessary information that they wanted and needed in this challenging situation. According to OHagan (2001) issues such as cultural diversity, cultural sensitivity and cultural competence had no place in the training of care professionals. To enable this vision to be implemented, it is significant that health care professionals have the adequate educational preparation to provide culturally sensitive care to those who have a diversity of health beliefs and practices (Aziz et al. 2000). Promoting cultural awareness among health care professionals is believed to improve their confidence and skills in providing holistic care for patients with different cultural backgrounds Also, culturally sensitive attitudes and practices, rather than simple knowledge, are likely to contribute much toward achieving the ultimate goal of providing quality care to the patients and their families. (Murphy Clark, 1993, cited Zafir 2002). There are many implications that should be well thought-out when caring for Muslim patients. All procedures, decisions and judgments must to be family orientated and culturally derived. Religious and cultural frameworks give the most complete and holistic perspective for caring and understanding the patient population of Muslim denomination. Practices need to take into account the care constructs of presence, participation and support. In addition, the policies and philosophies of the hospitals and other institutions needs to reflect the cultural practices related the specific care, communication and spirituality. Also, where language is a problem, it is important to have access to interpreters in order to provide culturally competent care for Muslims. Secondly, there are differences in the cultural and psychosocial forms of expression of the Muslim patients and their families and those of the caress. The process of reflection and clinical supervision could assist care givers in identifying their own cultural barriers, stereotyping, and ethnocentricity, thus, ultimately impr oving care. Finally, the management should continually assess whether the staff have the appropriate knowledge and skills to handle the particular ethical situations involved in caring for the patient and his/her family of Muslim denomination and, with the aim of reducing emotional labour, provide a mechanism, which would assist the staff in becoming more competent. Halligan (2005) Zara was also a victim of FGM which is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO 2006) as procedures that involve partial or total removal of the female external genitalia and or injury to the female genital organs for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons. Zara had Type IV which includes pricking, incising or piercing of the external genitalia, stretching of the clitoris and or labia, cauterization by burning of the clitoris and surrounding tissue or any other procedure that is performed to cause vaginal narrowing or tightening, and this was why she could not give birth naturally. According to the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE 2008) guidelines suggest that women who have experienced FGM should be identified early in the antenatal period through sensitive enquiry. I read through Zaras note but it was not recorded that she was a victim of FGM and the special care that she needed was not given. Analysis: My communication skills were very important when I was providing care for Zara. I noticed that my non-verbal communication skills helped enormously while caring for Zara. She could understand a few words when I was asking her questions but the lack of language hindered good communication. As the patient was not using her first or second language, I tried to communicate in a way she could understand. I still could manage to communicate in a way the other staff members could not because they had not the knowledge how to communicate with someone that does not speak English. White (2005) recommended that a care provider should learn a few words or phrases in the predominant second language to put a patient at ease for better understanding. Although, it was quite difficult to demonstrate certain things, Zara managed to understand and she was answering me by nodding her head when she was understood and also by her body gestures and her eye movement. Zaras husband was also asking me questio ns that I had to make the staff aware of According to Zafir et al (2000), Muslim patients should have a healthcare provider of the same sex. Exposure of the patients body parts should be limited to the minimum necessary, and permission should be asked before gently uncovering any part of the body. Even more care should be taken when exposing private parts, and attempts should be made to avoid such exposures unless absolutely nec ­essary. Zaras husband did ask for a female doctor but his request was declined because the ward was very busy and it was not possible. I think if this had been included her birth plan, it would have been arranged for them Zara and her husband may have felt discriminated .If communication is a problem for one or both parties in an exchange, they will have an interest in improving it In Zaras case, the lack of time, did not permitted this. Discrimination is usually due to miscommunication however this should be lower in hospitals especially when the relationship between the medical staff and patien ts has been sustained for a longer period. Furthermore, the gap will be even more difficult to bridge since learning and communication are can be more costly for the hospital such as when providing a translator. Balsa et al (2003) Conclusion: Writing this reflection has made me aware of my approach to car for clients who have language difficulties and have a different cultural background. Zara needed a lot of support and personalised care. It was vital to deliver this baby in a good condition due to her previous stillbirths and also, it was important to recognise that Zara and her husband came form a different culture and their values and belief were different to us. The beliefs and practices of Islamic patients may have an effect on the patients health care in ways that are not apparent to many health-care professionals and policy makers internationally. Intercultural misconceptions and misunderstandings of many healthcare professionals have potential consequences. Therefore, health-care professionals need to be better equipped to meet the needs of their patients and Interpreter should always be available when knowing the patient does not understand. Halligan (2005). Action Plan: My plan for my future role as a midwife, if I ever come across a client like Zara who was not speaking English, had dramatic birth experience and had different cultural background, I would know how to deal with it. I would prepare my self better, I would try to learn some word in her language and doing some reading regarding her culture and write down her expectations. I know that communication is a very important part to build up a good relationship. According to Payne (2007) communication and information provision play key roles in determining whether people engage in recommended health behaviors and whether the behaviors have a positive outcome. Health communicators may want to achieve any of a number of goals, including providing information, instruction or reassurance, influencing opinions and attitudes, and changing behavior. So an excellent communication is necessary in order to identify the patients wellbeing. I should not pre-judge my client by first assumption and impressio ns but I have to make her feel appreciated as an individual. I have also learned the importance of listening because when I was listening to Zara, I was watching her gestures as the same time, even though I did not understand when she was talking, I could read her gestures. I should also able to respect their basic principles, beliefs, culture and individual means of communication. In conclusion: I have used Gibbs (1998) Reflective Cycle as my support for this essay and I was able to discuss every stage in the Gibbs (1998) Reflective Cycle. REFRENCES: Ana I. Balsa a, Thomas G. McGuireb. (2003). Prejudice, clinical uncertainty and stereotyping. Journal of Health Economics. 22, 89-116. Aziz S. Abdul R. G. (2000). Caring for Muslim Patients. Radcliffe Medical Press Limited, Oxford. Currer, C (1991). Understanding the mothers viewpoint. Buckingham, Open University Press. Funnel, R Koutoukidis, G and Lawrence, K (2005) Tabbners Nursing Care 4E: Theory Practice, Australia: Churchill Livingstone. Gibbs G. (1988). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic. Halligan, Phil, (July 2005) Caring for patients of Islamic denomination School of Nursing Midwifery and Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, August, 2008) FGM, F Nursing Midwifery Council (2008) the Code: Standards of Conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives OHagan, Kieran. (2001). Cultural competence in the caring professions. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher Payne, S (2007) Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill White, L (2005) Foundation of Basic Nursing 2nd ed. USA: Thomson Delmar Learning. Wilma M.C.M. Kerkstra, Ada Bensing, Jozien M, Caris-Verhallen. (1999) Non-verbal behavior in nurse-elderly patient communication. Journal of Advanced Nursing 29(4), 808-818 Wold, G.H. (2005) Foundation of Basic Nursing. 3rd ed. USA: Mosby. World Health organization ( WHO2006) New study shows female genital mutilation exposes women and babies to significant risk at childbirth, Published in The Lancet Zafir al-Shahri. (2002). Culturally Sensitive Caring, Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 13, 133.

Normandy Invasion :: essays research papers

As they prepared for a cross-Channel assault on France, the Western Allies built up on British soil one of the largest and most powerful invasion forces in history. For 2 months before the landing, while troops, equipment, and supplies poured into Britain, the Allied air forces bombed railroads, bridges, airfields, and fortifications in France and Belgium and continued their attacks on German industrial centers. Postponed by delays in gathering the necessary landing equipment and by weather and tidal conditions, Operation Overlord, with Eisenhower in command, began on June 6, 1944, afterward known as D-Day. Throughout the preceding night, paratroopers were dropped behind German coastal defenses to sever communications and seize key defense posts. Hundreds of warships and innumerable small craft supported the invasion. Between 6:30 and 7:30 A.M., waves of Allied troops moved ashore between Cherbourg and Le Havre in history's largest amphibious operation, involving approximately 5,000 ships of all kinds. About 11,000 Allied aircraft operated over the invasion area. More than 150,000 troops disembarked at Normandy on D-Day. Because all major French ports in the north were mined and fortified, the Allies improvised two artificial harbors, with pontoons, breakwaters, and sunken ships. One of the harbors was destroyed by a severe Atlantic gale, but the other worked perfectly. Twenty pipelines below the Channel were used to bring in critical supplies of gasoline for the tanks. The Germans had anticipated an Allied invasion of western Europe at about this time but were surprised by its location. Gen. Gerd von Rundstedt, commander of German forces in the West, had expected the Allies to take the shortest water route and land at Pas de Calais. A British intelligence operation called Ultra, having broken key German ciphers, learned of his misapprehension. To capitalize on the situation, the Allies stationed a phantom army in Kent that reinforced Rundstedt's mistaken opinion. It may also have influenced Hitler to decide against sending reserve panzer divisions to Normandy, a decision that greatly facilitated the landing and the establishment of beachheads.

The Deadly Influence of National Socialism Essay -- National Socialism

The Deadly Influence of National Socialism National Socialism was a political movement that emerged in Germany after its defeat in World War I. This movement is more commonly known as Nazism. The National Socialist Party or Nazi Party was formed in Munich is 1919. Adolph Hitler was given all dictatorial powers as the result of the Enabling Act. By 1933 the party had gained control over the entire German state and the ideas, propaganda, and doctrines of National Socialism were written in Hitler's Mein Kampf (My Struggle) . Hitler believed that, "The Nordic master race was created to rule over inferior races, especially the Jews" (McManus 5). This was just the beginning of Nazi thought that swept throughout Germany until the end of World War II. Party membership was "voluntary" and millions joined, some willingly and others against their will. National Socialism transformed Germany from a weak republic to a powerful state. This change was brought about by one individual, Adolph Hitler. Hitler had tremendous influence o ver millions in the German community. National Socialism greatly influenced the church and education in the Third Reich. Today the Nazi influence is seen in white nationalist groups all over the world. It was essential for churches in the Third Reich to understand what was happening politically in Germany. Hitler subordinated church policy to his political policies. Tensions were high in the German Bishops' Conference between the president Archbishop Bertram and Bishop Preysing. Preysing saw that the Third Reich was corrupt as early as 1933. The Vatican and most of the German Bishops agreed with the ideas of National Socialism. Bertram defended the government until his death in 1945. Preysing... ...race is superior to all others. Hitler impacted both the church and education in Germany. The effects of the Nazi party are still felt today. The power of an individual should never be underestimated. In Hitler's case, it is apparent that one individual can influence millions lives and completely change the course of history. Works Cited - Blackburn, Gilmer. Education in the Third Reich. Albany: New York Press, 1985. - Constable, George. The Twisted Dream. Virginia: TIME-LIFE, 1990. - Gay, Kathlyn. Neo-Nazis: A Growing Threat. New Jersey: Enslow, 1997 - Hockenas, Paul. Free to Hate. London: Routledge, 1993. - McManus, Jason. The New Order. Virginia: TIME-LIFE, 1989. - Scholder, Klaus. A Requiem for Hitler. Philadelphia: Trinity, 1989. - Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich. New York: Macmillan, 1969.

Economics and Environmental Hazards Essay

In the 21st century, global warming, littering, waste, and temperature rises have been the subject of focus for many scientists. While examining the many causes of global warming, scientists found fossil fuel emissions and CO2 emissions to be a major cause. Although Earth is known as the Blue Planet for its vast water sources, much of that water is saltwater. Only 3% of the Earth is fresh water, and 70% of that is in glacial ice, unreachable by most. Thus, only 0. 5% of the Earth is made of usable freshwater. This limited amount of water is unsuitable for the world’s expanding population. Much of this water, however, can be easily conserved by switching from bottled water to tap water. Through using tap water and conserving plastic, we can save 27 times the amount of water we currently are saving, and use water sources wisely so as to not run out. Literature Review In the 1930s, the subjects of global warming, water, and lack of resources for fossil fuels became concern for Americans. The New York Times ran their first global warming article in 1929, when it first was considered a myth. Now that global warming has become a major concern for people, we realize how much we have wasted nature’s resources- especially water. Although 75% percent of the Earth is made up of water, less than 1% is drinkable and accessible by people. Countless blogs, websites, newspapers, and academic journals, such as the Journal of Dental Association (2003) and BioMed Central (2009), describe how our thoughtless actions have led to water depletion. Through processing, we waste 26 liters of water to get 1 liter of bottled water. The bottles are made in China using crude oil and transported thousands of miles on oil-eating machines, causing the ozone layer to melt. There are now seldom disputes to the existence of ozone depletion, and media uses print and internet to support the cutting down on bottled water. Bottled Water: Economics and Environmental Hazards. Thousands of years ago, water was a gift from the gods, to be saved and cherished. It allowed ancient civilizations to grow into structured societies, and gave people the ability to survive on domesticating animals and growing plants. Today, in the modern world, water is often taken for granted, and has become a daily thing of our lives. We see water fountains everywhere, and bottled water can be purchased in bulk. However, at the current rate we are using water, freshwater amounts are likely to decimate. This gift from the gods has brought environmental harm to the world and wasted the money of thousands of people. Thus, in order to protect the environment and save our own money, we must make good choices and switch from excessively using bottled water to using tap water. One of the top reasons people often buy bottled water is because of the convenience it provides (Ferrier, 2001, pp. 118-119). Easy life is what the entire economy runs on, as we have seen from the declining economy. As income lessens, people are reverting back to an older lifestyle of doing things themselves instead of purchasing services and goods. While bottled water may taste better because of chemicals that companies add in, it also costs significantly more. A New York Times reporter calculated that eight glasses of New York City tap water were about 49 cents a year, but 8 glasses of bottled water would be 2,900 times more expensive- as much as $1,400 per year. Because water is something that every household needs, it is reasonable to conclude that by switching to bottled water, families could cut their water expenses in half (Helm, 2008) and America as a whole could save. The high costs of purchasing bottled water are often due to the processing that bottled water must go through and the costs of shipping and plastic. Instead of drinking water from a local river or other water source, people choose to drink water shipped from Fiji, where extra charge is added for shipping. The plastic that is used to make the bottle also adds charge. A replacement for this kind of convenience is drinking from the bottles and then continuously refilling them to save your money and the environment. According to the Container Recycling Institute, 85% of water bottles in the United States end up in landfills (cited in Aslam, 2006). Unfortunately, plastic takes up to 1,000 years to decompose and the fuel emissions that delivery trucks emanate destroy the ozone layer. Even more smog and smoke is given off by the manufacturing plant, contributing to global warming, evaporation of our current freshwater supply, and melting/mixing of glacial freshwater and ocean water. About 70% of freshwater is in glacial ice, and as a result of temperatures rising, the freshwater melts, mixing in with saltwater and becoming undrinkable until further chemical processing. Another common myth about bottled water is that it is healthier. A study conducted by University of Birmingham researchers found that â€Å"†¦The majority of participants believed that bottled water has some health benefits but that they were not necessarily significant or superior to the benefits provided by tap water† (BioMed Central, 2009). The participants, users of the university’s sports center, stated that the health benefits of bottled water were negligible, and it was taste and convenience that truly motivated them to buy bottled water. Some research even suggests the opposite- that bottled water is less beneficial to health than tap water. While communities actively add in fluoride – a cavity fighter- to the water supply, the majority of bottled water contains little to no fluoride (Rugg-Gunn, 2003). Many large water companies currently undergo processes such as distillation and/or osmosis – both remove all fluoride from the water (American Dental Association, 2003). Since we now know that bottled water is not healthier than other water sources, we must reflect again on the numerous drawbacks of bottled water. Landfills continue to grow and grow, leading to larger emissions of ozone-depleting gases (Sarma, 2002). Birds and other small animals choke on plastic, mistaking it for food, and also die as a result. The ecosystem is dying as a result. The world works as a whole, a cycle, a circle. The consequences of our actions will always come back to bite us, or in the case of water, our posterity when they have low water supply. Conserving water today will benefit people later. In addition, as we become closer and closer to high UV radiation exposure and losing our ozone layer, scientists are frantically trying to build labs, gather money, and conduct extensive research about how to conserve the environment and water. By not procrastinating, and saving plastic and water resources now, we will save great amounts of money. The exotic island of Fiji is known for its pure, fresh, crisp water, even to Americans who live thousands of miles away. A 16 ounce bottle of Fiji water currently costs from $1. 50 to $2. 50. At a rate like that, when we are at the edge of the Great Lakes and other vast water sources, but purchase water from the other side of the world, our money is being sold away to foreign countries. Most of 2. 7 million tons of plastic used for bottling and packaging come from China (Aslam, 2006). The result is a national economic breakdown, not only in the water industry, but in all industries, since people cannot cut down on the amount of water they need to drink. It takes 63 million gallons of oil per year to manufacture water bottles (Niman, 2007). That is not only more water than Fijians themselves drink that we are buying, but also 63 million extra gallons of oil and plastic that we toss away. Ironically, one third of Fijians are in destitution and lack the amount of water they need. Because one liter of bottled water uses 26 liters of water, one kilogram of fossil fuel, and one pound of CO2 (Thangham, 2007), little is left for the Fijians in destitute. This is true for not only Fiji waters, but all waters in the world. In 2007, Fiji, one of the world’s most popular drinking water sources, became the first bottled water company to release its carbon footprint -85,396 metric tons of CO2eq (Corporate Social Responsibility, 2008). Imagine the carbon footprint total for the world, or even the United States. Perhaps American water companies have not released their carbon footprints because of how overwhelmingly large they are. If we could cut down on how much bottled and imported water we drank, we could preserve a large amount of water for the future.

Clinic management system Essay

Introduction A system is a collection of elements that are organized for a common purpose. The word sometimes describes the organization or plan itself (and is similar in meaning to method, as in â€Å"I have my own little system†) and sometimes describes the parts in the system (as in â€Å"computer system†). A computer system consists of hardware components that have been carefully chosen so that they work well together and software components or programs that run in the computer. This concept includes Information System. Information system can be defined as any means of communicating knowledge from one source to another, and/or from one person to another. On the other hand, an information system is designed to provide the best possible information to its users. Information systems typically refer to computerized methods of searching, storing and retrieving information. An information system is all about providing the most usable information needed, and is there to empower users and equip them with the tools to do their jobs most effectively. An information system offers a litany of benefits that help to make the process of managing information easier. Central access, easy back up, central distribution of information, easy record keeping, as well as easy customer trait identification, are just a few of the benefits offered by an information system. Central access means all organization members have one point to access all organizationally public information and increases efficiency. Having information in a variety of locations can be cumbersome and cause information to be overlooked. With easy back up, the chances of lost data are decreased and organizational staff will tend to back up more regularly as the system is easy to navigate. To receive the greatest benefit overall, it is important to understand that it is an adaptable tool that should progress as your business progresses. Information systems are rarely innovative business solutions. They are designed to grow with you and enhance your organization’s information delivery in the process. In Computer System, It includes database for storing data and information. Not-for-profit organizations must track information about people including volunteers, clients, potential donors, current donors, event attendees, who support or who might support their programs and services. Managing this information is crucial. A database allows you to manage and use an incredible variety of information easily. Databases are easy to set-up, easy to manipulate and easy to use. A database allows you to maintain order in what could be a very chaotic environment. Employees and volunteers of not-for-profit organizations have to manage existing resources very carefully. There may not be the resources to hire a full-time database manager or a short-term consultant. Initial data base structure can be very basic, easy to use and to maintain. Databases can be expanded and manipulated as your organization grows and your resources increase. Background of the Study A Clinic in Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School provides health care for the students thru regular physical and nutritional assessment, operational instructions and by giving emphasis on the ideals of a safe, healthy and drug free environment. Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School was conceived merely todecongest the big enrollment of then Paraà ±aque Municipal High School that was in 1991. This was in under the supervision of Mrs. Rosa V. Sioson, the principal of PMHS. The school was named then PMHS Annex San Martin de Porres. It has a total number of 804 freshmen and 422 sophomore enrollees with 38 teachers. A two-storey building with 16 rooms situated along Km. 15 East Service Road, South Super Highway, San Martin de Porres, Paraà ±aque City under the stewardship of Mr. Urbano E. Agustin as Officer-in-charge, was the only building in use that time. Steady growth of enrollment occurred. 1993, because Dr. Filemon S. Salas, then Schools Division Superintendent of Pasay City Division, advocated and recommended the establishments of more autonimous municipal high school in Paraà ±aque, school independence is worked out. Through the collaborative effort of the school administration, the Parents Teachers Association, the municipal officials and the community itself, Audience and hearings were made. Resolution was passed. And with the authorship of Atty. Manuel de Guia, municipal councilor an chairperson of committee of Education, a Municipal Ordinance No. 93-10 Series of 1993 was approved making PMHS-Annex-San Martin de Porres an independent secondary school. The name Dr. Arcadio Santos, a native son of Paraà ±aque with exemplary reputation was adopted. Its immediate autonomy benefited much the youth and community of District II specifically Brgy. San Martin de Porres. By 1994, enrollment tripled. From 1301 in 1993, it rose to 3033. An influx of teachers also occured to meet the teaching demands of students. This was also the year that Department of Education Culture and Sports in accordance with the guidelines in DECS Order NO., s. of 1989, approved and recognized Dr. Arcadio Santos High School as an independent secondary school. This year on September 1, a mass appointment of teachers, 72 items, were given by the local government under the mayoral ship of Dr. Pablo Olivarez. September 1 also became the basis of the celebration of the school’s foundation day. School Year 1994-1995 sprouted another school in the name of DASHS Masville Annex. Mrs. Virginia B. Vecino was designated officer-in-charge with 167 teachers and almost 300 students. Due to an unavoidable circumstances however, it was closed in the same year. In 1995, another four-storey building with 24 rooms was constructed to meet the increasing classroom needs of the stud entry under the local fund chaired by then Mayor Olivarez. A year after, a two-storey building was erected through the country wide Development Fund of Cong. Roilo Golez. The building is now utilized as the school library in the second floor and three classrooms for THE-I.A. in the ground floor. In 1996, DASHS Annex was reopened. This time it found its haven at Don Galo in juxtaposition with the Don Galo Elementary School. Mrs. Concepcion Bernaldez, the assistant school principal, was designated officer-in-charge. It had 330 students; First and Second year level with 16 teachers. In 1997, DASHS annex found its way back again to Masville with a total population of 994. This was upon the completion of a four-storey building with 16 rooms sponsored by Mayor Joey P. Marquez. In 1998, a complete secondary annex came to existence. Now it has a total population of 1443 and 34 teachers administering the needs of the student body under the supervision of Dr. Teodulo N. Timtiman, II as Officer-in-charge. The fourth building named Golez Building sponsored by Cong. Roilo S. Golez, himself, has found its way. This is a three-storey edifice with six classrooms and the ground floor is an open space used for programs and some other special occasions of the school. August 22, 2000, a major event happened. Dr. Arcadio Santos High was converted into Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School in the City of Paraà ±aque through a Republic Act No. 8844. Thios was made possible through the effort of no other than the Lone Representative of Paraà ±aque Congressman Roilo Golez. Truly, Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School after a decade of existence has reached its speak of excellence be it academic or structure wise. Its aim to serve par excellence and produce a productive and competitive citizen is needed a fruition of existence. Statement of the Problem General Problem The general problem of the study is the manual operations in generating treatment report and monitoring the patient’s ailments. Specific Problem How to easily manage the school clinic treatment record? Using manual system, the assigned clinic staff is hard for them to manage, organize and generate all reports in the clinic especially in the Treatment Report. How could they monitor the total number of ailments and how do they generate a report every month? All information of ailments collected will be store in the log book and then they just make a report before the end of the month. How could they give an update to the DEPED (Department of education) division of Paraà ±aque for the medical supplies needed by the clinic? The Treatment Report will be submitted to the head office to review all the types of ailments and to produce a needs of the clinic especially the medicines. Objectives of the Study General Objectives The general objectives of the study are to design and develop software that will enhance the existing Treatment Report System for a better one. Specific Objectives They can easily manage their record process using the computerized treatment report with monitoring patient’s ailments. Managing the records daily would be easier with the help of the proposed system without having difficulties in which the nurse and the dentist can supervise all the needs of medications for each patient. The proposed system will automatically count the total number of ailments every week. Instead of Monthly Report, the nurse and the dentist will generate the report weekly by the use of the proposed system. They can easily update the DEPED (Division of Paranaque) regarding the medical supplies of the school clinic. By the use of a proposed system, they can send request to the main office for the medical supply weekly. Scope and the Delimitation Scope The scope of the study can record the students and school personnel information who admitted inside the school clinic. It can automatically optimize in managing all the records together with the medication needs of the patients. The information including the name, age, grade/year level, address, contact number and etc., can modify and update the data by using control selection of the proposed system. The study is only for Dr. Arcadio Santos National High School (clinic). It has a security that the School Nurse, School Dentist, students or other school personnel who can only access the system. Also, using their own account in the propoed system the Nurse and the Dentist can generate the reports and can update the information stored in the database. Delimitation The proposed system has an account security for the users so that all unauthorized person outside the school premises are not allowed to use. Also, the students and principal are cannot generate the Treatment Reports and the proposed system does not support for the online services. Significance of the study The proposed Computerized Treatment Report with Monitoring Patient’s ailment system has the ability to perform with different features such as fast, accurate and user-friendly. For this reason, the proposed system benefits not just its primary user but also the proponents, future researchers, and the country’s I.T industry. For the Users The prime beneficiary of the proposed system is the User. This system will help them easily to process their transactions. Because of this is a friendly user, the problem can be easily solve and the transactions done well. Also the transaction will be enhanced from manual to computerized one. For the Proponents The proposed system also benefits the proponent’s method of thinking. While creating the system, each proponent will enhance his knowledge and express his thoughts or ideas in order to create and implement a new design and the system performance as well. The proposed system will also help them to analyze the flow of transactions and trace every problems encountered. For the Future Researchers This proposed system will help the future researchers because it will serve as their reference. It will serve as their basis in analyzing the current status of Monitoring System. Because of this, other proponents will be able to improve the said system as they create a new design. For the IT Industry The IT Industry will benefit this study because they create programmers that can help them to improve and develop more in terms of enhancing the latest computerized systems. Conceptual Framework Figure 1.0 shows the existing system for generating a Treatment Report every month. First, the Medical staff will ask question to the patient which includes Name, Address and Contact Number together with the ailments. All the information gathered are manually Record in the Log Book that serves as a database. After recording all information, the medical staff will now check if there is an available first aid medication for the particular ailment. If no, the patient will be transfer to the other clinics and the medical staff will now record the medical needs inside the school clinic. After a month, the Medical staff will now count all the total number of ailments and generate a Treatment Report by using a bar chart. It is conflict for the staff to generate a report because of too many record stored in Log book. The report will be submitted to the main office of the Department of Education (DEPED) Division of Paraà ±aque and after reviewing the chart, it is the time to send a supply of medicines into the school. Conceptual Framework Figure 1.1 shows the Computerized System for generating a Treatment Report every week instead of monthly report. First, the Medical staff will ask question to the patient which includes Name, Address and Contact Number together with the ailments. All the information gathered will type in the proposed system with SQL database. After recording all information, the medical staff will now search to the database for the available medicines. Every week, the Medical Staff generate the Treatment Report by using the proposed system. It is easy for them to accomplish the report because it is automatically tally all the ailments records counted saved on the database. Operational Terms: Analysis – the process of breaking down a something into its parts to learn what they do and how they relate to one another. Ailments – a physical disorder or illness, especially of a minor or chronic nature. Clinic – a class of medical instruction in which patients are examined and discussed Data – factual information (as measurements or statistics) used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation. Database – a comprehensive collection of related data organized for convenient access, generally in a computer. Design – to prepare the preliminary sketch or the plans for (a work to be executed) especially to plan the form and structure . Input – data to be entered into a computer for processing, the process of introducing data into the internal storage ofa computer. Medication – the use or application of medicine,a medicinal substance. Monitoring –Supervising activities in progress to ensure they are on-course and on-schedule in meeting the objectives and performance targets. Output – information in a form suitable for transmission from internal to external units of a computer, or to an outside medium. Process – a systematic series of actions directed to some end. a continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking placein a definite manner: Programmer – a person who writes computer software. Programming – is the comprehensive process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable programs. It involves activities such as analysis, understanding, and generically solving such problems resulting in an algorithm. Report – is any informational work (usually of writing, speech , television, or film) made with the specific intention in relaying information or recounting certain events in a widely presentable form. School personnel –a body of persons usually employed in a school. Software – is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it. SQL – Structured Query Language is a standard computer language for relational database management and data manipulation. is used to query, insert, update and modify data. System Design – is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Transaction – information processing that is divided into individual, indivisible operations, a unit of work performed within a database management system Treatment – The process or manner of treating someone or something. C H A P T E R II Review of Related Studies and Literature This Chapter consists of review related literature and a study that includes the local and foreign study to make relevance our study. It also discusses the different references and text that are relevant to the studies. Related Literature the researchers cited some of the related literature made by different researchers which are quite similar to the present study. These related literatures can help the researchers in analyzing the problems that the present study will encounter in the future. Foreign Literature 1. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Clinic Management System. â€Å"Clinic management is introduced to optimize clinic’s operation. Because of huge changes in management nowadays, management for clinic is important due to the widely spread of technology.† According to the internet the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Clinic . This system is proposed for clinic in UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) to manage the clinic’s operation efficiently. The process in developing the system include patient’s clinic in UTeM. The area consists of the user in clinic which is doctor and clinic assistant. Basically there are no such systems in the clinic. The system use before has caused a lot of problems to the user. Due to that, using manual system seems to be the only solutions in managing the daily works. The system will help out the user in the clinic in managing the work. 2. On-line Constructions of Metrosexuality and Masculinities. â€Å"A metrosexual can be defined as a man who is narcissistic in nature, loves his urban lifestyle and is a straight man who is in touch with his feminine side.† According to Matthew Hall on his Cultural Studies On-line Constructions of Metrosexuality and Masculinities. A British journalist named Mark Simpson devised this word. It can be said that any urban male of any sexual orientation who spends a lot of time and money on his appearance and lifestyle is known as a metrosexual. There are a large number of celebrities out there who are famous icons such as David Beckham, Brad Pitt, Robbie Williams, P. Diddy and George Clooney. 3. Mediwise Clinic Management Software â€Å"Mediwise Clinic Management Software is a fully integrated solution for the business and clinical needs of medical medicine clinics.† According to the internet Cynthia Anderson tells that the Mediwise addresses of all the facility’s data processing needs: Patient Accounting, EMR, Referral Management, Scheduling, Case and Encounters Management and Financials. It provides physicians, clinicians, and health care executives with the necessary information to make critical decisions about the patient and the enterprise. Local Literature 1. According to Dean Francis Alfair, Filipino men are spending millions to look and feel good. As was stated in his article, â€Å"Machos in the Mirror†, a metrosexual like himself doesn’t generally think of himself as vain, but then there’s this incident where Mr. Alfair remember from high school: some of his friends were assembled at his house so that they could all ride together to a party. As they were getting dressed in their Spandau Ballet-inspired finery (then the height of fashion), one of the barkada produced, from out of the depths of his bag, a can of mousse, which none of them hapless males had ever seen or even heard of before. Naturally, they all had to squirt some into their hands and smear it on their hair. Not knowing that they were then supposed to blow-dry or otherwise style it, they left the house feeling snazzy, while looking pretty much the same as they had prior to applying the mousse at most, their hair was a little damper, vaguely crispy in texture, and certainly stickier than before. But they felt utterly transformed. 2. According to Noel Manucom, head of planning and strategy at Splash cosmetics, the quest for beauty may also be perceived as a quest for social equality. â€Å"Filipinos, especially those in the C and D (classes), are still influenced by their colonial mentality that white skin and a tall nose are what those in high society have,† Manucom says. â€Å"They may not be able to afford to have their nose done, but the desire to have a fairer skin can be met by buying products.† In fact, the double-digit growth in skin care popularity among Filipino males over the last six years is largely attributable to skin-whitening formulas. Pinoys are still devoted to hair care products and fragrance above anything else — with growing interest in bath washes, oral hygiene, and weight loss or gain — yet skin care is acknowledged to be the main fuel of the Philippine beauty industry. 3. According to Fairview Physician Associates -Medical student-run health clinics have become popular programs among medical schools for fostering education and community service among students. The proliferation of these clinics has not, however, coincided with a better understanding of these programs’ impact on medical education or public health. There are no data of how many student-run clinics exist or how many schools have one. Foreign Studies 1. Clinics Management System (CMS) based on Patient Centered Process Ontology â€Å"A major problem faced by today’s healthcare is the increasing diversity and differentiation. New medical specialties are constantly created: there exist a large number of roles in patient care and many different public and private organizations† According to Prasad M. Jayaweera (University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka) the process oriented business ontologies are developed in customer centered manner in order to develop business systems applications to provide more and more value added services to target consumers. This trend is also valid in healthcare sector although there are some restrictions and limitations that can be noticed in Sri Lankan. 2. Patient Management System by Terrence Adam, BS Pharmacy MD PhD â€Å"Any tool used to assists in the delivery of clinical care from the point of care initiation to completion† According to Terrence Adam, interest in Patient Management Systems with prior experience as clinical user in pharmacy and medicine development and evaluation of a patient monitoring system use of secondary data for surveillance applications evaluation. It is for one stop source of information. 3. Computerized Health Records Management System for Kitagata Hospital â€Å"Health records management is such an important area in health care delivery because without proper records, planning is rendered difficult† According to Charles Namibara , the aim of his study was to build a computerized records management system that would be more effective and efficient than the existing manual system in Kitagata Hospital. This was done by looking at the existing health records management system , analysing its strong and weak points design and implementation of a new system. Interviews, observation and document reviews were tools used in data collection. MySQL database management system, Apache server, PHP scripting language embaded in HTML were used for design. Related Studies The review of related studies is an essential part of any investigation. The survey of the related studies is a crucial aspect of the planning of the study. The identification of a problem, tire development of a Research design and determination of the size and scope of the care and intensity with which a researcher has examined the literature related to the intended research. Local Studies 1. Clinical Information Management for Divine’s Clinic Malolos City â€Å"Our Journey towards the implementation of a Clinical information system to the Critical Care Environment† According to the above statement, there have been a significant advances in medical technology used in patient treatment and care. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in an acute hospital is designed to treat the most complex and unstable medical and surgical patient. 2. A Comprehensive Online Clinic Management System â€Å"Online clinic management system are designed to immediately record the patients’ information† According to the Rosa Sta. Maria the main problem of Villa-Santarromana Dental Clinic is that they have the manual way on recording, tracking, and managing patients request which sometimes lead to slower transaction within the clients. This study was aimed to designed and develop an online clinic management solution that will serve as proposal to help the dentist and staff to save time and resources with the automation of its daily clinic operations. 3. Patient Profiling System WEST VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY DENTAL CLINIC â€Å"Health is metabolic efficiency, sickness is metabolic deficiency† According to Ms. Venus Papilota Diaz, information technology student , that health is important. One place that we can rely on is the so called â€Å"Clinic† that provides primary aid and care that will eliminate or at least lessen up our difficulties when in pain. When the transaction of recording the patient’s information is more quickly it will help rapidly the medical staffs in their leverages to assist the Dentist to care for their patients. Synthesis The Computerized Treatment Report with Monitoring of Patient’s Ailment will help the school to enhance efficiency and will generate accurate report for the clinic. This system provides an authorization for the user to access the transaction like generating reports and monitoring the patients. View as multi-pages